Abstract
This study involves the formulation of cobalt nanoparticles by means of ethanolic Azadirachta indica (neem) extract (CoNP@N). Later, the formulated buildup was incorporated into cotton fabric in order to mitigate antifungal infection. Optimization of the formulation was carried out by considering the effect of plant concentration, temperature, and revolutions per minute (rpm) used, through design of the experiment (DOE), response surface methodology (RSM), and ANOVA of the synthetic procedure. Hence, graph was potted with the aid of effecting parameters and the related factors (size of particle and zeta potential). Further characterization of nanoparticles was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) was considered for the detection of functional groups. The structural property of CoNP@N was calculated with the aid of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The surface property was measured with the use of a surface area analyzer (SAA). The values of Inhibition concentration (IC50) and zone of inhibition (ZOI), were calculated, so as to determine the antifungal property against both the strains (Candida albicans, MTCC 227and Aspergillus niger, MTCC 8652). The further nano-coated cloth was subjected to a durability test, and hence the cloth was washed (through the purpose of time 0; 10; 25; and 50 washing cycles), and then its anti-fungal operation to a couple of strains was retained. Primarily, 51 μg/ml of cobalt nanoparticles incorporated on the cloth was retained but after 50 washing cycles in 500 ml of purified water, the cloth showed more efficiency contrary to C. albicans than towards A. niger.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are highly obelized for the kind and needful support of Banasthali Vidyapith, for providing the necessary experimental facility to conduct research work. The authors are especially grateful to the Department of Pharmacy, Chemistry, Physics, and Home Science, Banasthali Vidyapith for extending the instrumental and characterization facility in the successful completion of this work.
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Devsuni Singh and Prashansa Sharma had efficiently performed all the experiments, and Suman Pant had done the investigation and visualization of the textile experiments. Vivek Dave, Rekha Sharma, and Rakesh Yadav had supervision the methodology, software handling, guided the experimental setup, and Anand Prakash and Arindam Kuila planned the work and ensured the final writing, reviewing, and editing of the manuscript.
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Singh, D., Sharma, P., Pant, S. et al. Ecofriendly fabrication of cobalt nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (neem) for effective inhibition of Candida-like fungal infection in medicated nano-coated textile. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28061-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28061-3