Abstract
Electric and electronic equipment (EEE) consumption has grown to worrisome proportions in developing countries (DCS), resulting in massive amounts of electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) being produced. A diagnosis of e-waste proliferation is required for its sustainable management plan in Rwanda. This review is based on open-access papers with e-waste as a keyword, the present situation of EEE, and e-waste in Rwanda. The need for various information communication and technology (ICT) tools, such as end-user devices, cooling-system devices, network equipment, and telecommunication devices, is strongly encouraged by Rwandan national plans, which deem ICT as a vital enabler of knowledge-based economy and development. In 2014, EEE was 33,449 tonnes (t), which is expected to be 267,741 t in 2050, with a yearly increase rate of 5.95%. In this regard, out-of-date EEE is being dumped as e-waste in large quantities and at an increasing rate across Rwanda. E-waste is often disposed of in uncontrolled landfills together with other types of household waste. To address this rising threat, as well as to preserve the environment and human health, proper e-waste management involving e-waste sorting/separation from other waste streams, repairs, reuse, recycling, remanufacturing, and disposal has been proposed.
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This research was financed by the “Light of West China” Program, and the Opening Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry (SKLEG 2022216) and Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology (E2DF028).
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All the authors worked together to develop the idea for the research and plan how it would be done. Gratien Twagirayezu, Hongguang Cheng, Olivier Irumva, and Abias Uwimana were the people responsible for the gathering and analysis of the data. Gratien Twagirayezu is credited with writing the first draft of the work, which was then reviewed by Huang Kui, Christian Sekomo Birame, Abias Uwimana, and Jean Claude Nizeyimana. The final manuscript was read and approved by all authors.
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Twagirayezu, G., Uwimana, A., Kui, H. et al. Towards a sustainable and green approach of electrical and electronic waste management in Rwanda: a critical review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 77959–77980 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27910-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27910-5