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Advancements in low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx using Ba-based catalysts: a critical review of preparation, mechanisms, and challenges

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Abstract

Presently, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), with either carbon monoxide, urea, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, or ammonia as a reductant, has become a nitrogen oxide (NOx) removal technology (NOx conversion) of many catalytic companies and diesel engine exhaust gas. Although, there exists a serious threat of low-temperature limitations. So far, certain scientists have shown that barium-based (Ba-based) catalysts have the potential to be highly effective at SCR of NOx at low temperatures when ammonia is used as the reducing agent. The process of NOx storage and reduction which alternate SCR is known as the Lean NOx trap. Herein, we give the condensed advancements and production of the catalysts that involve BaO in low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx, the advantages of BaO catalysts compared to the recently hot electrocatalysis, the stability of BaO catalyst materials, and the condensed advancements and production of the catalysts that involve BaO in low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx. These catalysts are viewed in the light of their preparation method, particulate, and posture in mixed oxides. Also, the characteristic features of Ba-based catalysts are carefully considered and briefed under the following areas: preparation method and precursor, crystallinity, calcination temperature, morphology, acid sites, the specific surface area for reaction, redox property, and activation energy of catalysts. More to these are the discussions on Eley–Rideal [E-R] and Langmuir–Hinshelwood [L–H] mechanisms, the H2O/SO2 and O2 permissiveness, and the NH3-SCR reaction mechanism over Ba-based catalysts highlighting their possible effects. Finally, we proposed the prospect and the likely future research plan for the low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China (grant no. 50676057).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Paul Chinonso Ogugua, Enlu Wang & Qi Wang

  2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Zhou Jinyang

  3. School of China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Huihui Su

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  1. Paul Chinonso Ogugua
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  4. Qi Wang
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. The creation of the idea was done by Paul Chinonso Ogugua, Huihui Su, and Enlu Wang. The literature work was done by Paul Chinonso Ogugua and Jinyang Zhou. Finally, the editing was done by Paul Chinonso Ogugua and Qi Wang.

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Ogugua, P.C., Wang, E., Jinyang, Z. et al. Advancements in low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx using Ba-based catalysts: a critical review of preparation, mechanisms, and challenges. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 84972–84998 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27703-w

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