Abstract
Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B isolated from vegetable soil was highly adaptable to Zinc (Zn) and Cadmium (Cd). Cd, but not Zn, adversely affected the total protein spectrum and functional groups of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B. Up to 31 metabolic pathways and 216 metabolites of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B were significantly changed by Zn and Cd (Zn&Cd). Some metabolic pathways and metabolites related to functional groups of sulfhydryl (-SH) and amine (-NH-) metabolism were enhanced by Zn&Cd addition. The cellulase activity of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B was up to 8.58 U mL−1, increased to 10.77 U mL−1 in Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B + 300 mg L−1 Zn, and maintained at 6.13 U mL−1 in Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B + 50 mg L−1 Cd. The vegetables’ cellulose content was decreased by 25.05–52.37% and 40.28–70.70% under the action of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B and Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B + 300 mg L−1 Zn. Those results demonstrated that Zn could significantly enhance cellulase activity and biodegradability of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B to vegetable cellulose. Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B can survive in vegetable soil accumulated with Zn&Cd. The tolerance concentration and adsorption capacity of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B to Zn were up to 300 mg L−1 and 56.85%, indicating that Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B acting as a thermostability biological agent had an essential advantage in accelerating the degradation of discarded vegetables by Zn and were beneficial to maintain organic matter content of vegetable soil.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge “Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences” for assistance in experimental instruments.
Funding
This work was supported by Fujian Province Public Welfare Scientific Research Program (Grant No. 2021R1021004); Public Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province-Research and application of straw recycling technology from facility vegetable industry (2020R1021003); Free Exploration Science and Technology Innovation Project of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Agricultural Science and Technology Special Project, Grant No. ZYTS2020007); International Cooperation Projects of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Grant No. DWHZ-2022–16); and National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0501404-3).
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Jiaqing Huang: sample testing, experimental design, methodology, data curation, investigation, validation, formal analysis, writing original draft, and drafting the final manuscript. Cenwei Liu: data curation, investigation, and supervision. G.W. Price: data curation, validation, and drafting the final manuscript. Yixiang Wang: funding acquisition, resources, supervision, project administration, and drafting the final manuscript.
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Highlights
• Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B can survive in vegetable soils enriched with Zn&Cd
• Maximum tolerance content of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B to Cd was up to 50 mg L−1
• Sulfhydryl (-SH) and amine (-NH-) metabolic pathways were enhanced by Zn
• Zn can significantly increase the cellulase activity of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B
• Zn enhances biodegradability of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B to vegetable cellulose
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Huang, J., Liu, C., Price, G.W. et al. Zinc and cadmium change the metabolic activities and vegetable cellulose degradation of Bacillus cellulasensis in vegetable soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 76867–76880 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27597-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27597-8