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Performance analysis of biofuel–ethanol blends in diesel engine and its validation with computational fluid dynamics

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Abstract

The engine tests aimed to produce comparable data for fuel consumption, exhaust emissions, and thermal efficiency. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program FLUENT was used to simulate the combustion parameters of a direct injection diesel engine. In-cylinder turbulence is controlled using the RNG k-model. The model’s conclusions are validated when the projected p-curve is compared to the observed p-curve. The thermal efficiency of the 50E50B blend (50% ethanol, 50% biofuel) is higher than the other blends as well as diesel. Diesel has lower brake thermal efficiency among the other fuel blends used. The 10E90B mix (10% ethanol, 90% biofuel) has a lower brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) than other blends but is slightly higher than diesel. The temperature of the exhaust gas rises for all mixtures as the brake power is increased. CO emissions from 50E50B are lower than diesel at low loads but slightly greater at heavy loads. According to the emission graphs, the 50E50B blend produces less HC than diesel. NOx emission rises with increasing load in the exhaust parameter for all mixes. A 50E50B biofuel–ethanol combination achieves the highest brake thermal efficiency, 33.59%. The BSFC for diesel is 0.254 kg/kW-hr at maximum load, while the BSFC for the 10E90B mix is 0.269 kg/kW-hr, higher than diesel. In comparison to diesel, BSFC has increased by 5.90%.

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Data Availability

All the research data used in the study are available in the manuscript.

Abbreviations

CO2 :

carbon dioxide

NFT:

nitrogen-fixing trees

PM:

particulate matter

GGF:

gasoline gallon equivalency

HC:

hydrocarbon emission

SCA:

spray cone angle

SVD:

size volume distribution

SMD:

Sauter mean diameter

CFD:

computational fluid dynamics

HC:

hydrocarbon

BP:

brake power

IP:

indicated power

A/F:

air–fuel ratio

ppm:

parts per million

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kavikulguru Institute of Technology and Science, RTMNU Nagpur, Ramtek, Maharashtra, 441106, India

    Ajay V. Kolhe

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pimpri, Pune, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India

    Prateek D. Malwe

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, RTMNU Nagpur, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 441501, India

    Yashraj Chopkar

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Katpur, Patan, Gujarat, 384265, India

    Hitesh Panchal

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey

    Ümit Ağbulut

  6. Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam

    Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak

  7. SVCET EngineeringCollegeand Technology (A), Chittoor, AP, India

    Subrata Chowdhury

  8. Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan

    Kassian T.T. Amesho

  9. The International University of Management, Centre for Environmental Studies, Main Campus, Dorado Park Ext 1, Windhoek, Namibia

    Kassian T.T. Amesho

  10. Destinies Biomass Energy and Farming Pty Ltd, P.O.Box 7387, Swakopmund, Namibia

    Kassian T.T. Amesho

  11. Regent Business School, Durban, South Africa

    Kassian T.T. Amesho

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  1. Ajay V. Kolhe
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Ajay V. Kolhe, Prateek D. Malwe, and Yashraj Chopkar. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ajay V. Kolhe, Prateek D. Malwe, Hitesh Panchal, Ümit Ağbulut, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Final review and editing were performed by Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak, Subrata Chowdhury, and Kassian T.T. Amesho. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kassian T.T. Amesho.

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The research did not involve humans or animals as participants, and there was no release of harmful substances to the environment as a result of the study. The authors followed the rules for good scientific practice described in the author’s guidelines.

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Kolhe, A.V., Malwe, P.D., Chopkar, Y. et al. Performance analysis of biofuel–ethanol blends in diesel engine and its validation with computational fluid dynamics. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 125117–125137 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27086-y

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