Abstract
To reduce the harmful effects of nicosulfuron on sweet corn, the physiological regulation mechanism of sweet corn detoxification was studied. This study analyzed the effects of nicosulfuron stress on the glyoxalase system, hormone content, and key gene expression of nicosulfuron-tolerant “HK301” and nicosulfuron-sensitive “HK320” sweet corn seedling sister lines. After spraying nicosulfuron, the methylglyoxal (MG) content in HK301 increased first and then decreased. Glyoxalase I (GlyI) and glyoxalase II (GlyII) activities, non-enzymatic glutathione (GSH), and the glutathione redox state glutathione/(glutathione + glutathione disulfide) (GSH/(GSH + GSSG)) showed a similar trend as the MG content. Abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and zeatin nucleoside (ZR) also increased first and then decreased, whereas the auxin (IAA) increased continuously. In HK301, all indices after spraying nicosulfuron were significantly greater than those of the control. In HK320, MG accumulation continued to increase after nicosulfuron spraying and GlyI and GlyII activities, and GSH first increased and then decreased after 1 day of stress. The indicators above were significantly greater than the control. The GSH/(GSH + GSSG) ratio showed a decreasing trend and was significantly smaller than the control. Furthermore, ABA and IAA continued to increase, and the GA and ZR first increased and then decreased. Compared with HK320, HK301 significantly upregulated the transcription levels of GlyI and GlyII genes in roots, stems, and leaves. Comprehensive analysis showed that sweet maize seedlings improved their herbicide resistance by changing the glyoxalase system and regulating endogenous hormones. The results provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the response mechanism of the glyoxalase system and the regulation characteristics of endogenous hormones in maize under nicosulfuron stress.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize (NO.20DZ2255300); the Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province (NO.2022C04024), Zhejiang Science; the Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding (NO.2021C02064-4); and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China (No. C2022407026).
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Zhen-Xing Wu: conceptualization, data curation, writing – original draft. Jian Wang: investigation, validation. Xiao-Hu Lin: investigation. Qing Yang: formal analysis. Ting-Zhen Wang: software, validation. Jian-Jian Chen: formal analysis. Xiang-Nan Li: formal analysis. Yuan Guan: formal analysis. Gui-Hua Lv: conceptualization, supervision.
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Wu, ZX., Wang, J., Lin, XH. et al. Nicosulfuron stress on the glyoxalase system and endogenous hormone content in sweet maize seedlings. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 49290–49300 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25777-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25777-0