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Ionic liquids: environmentally sustainable materials for energy conversion and storage applications

  • Energy, Environment and Green Technologies for the Future Sustainability
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Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs), often known as green designer solvents, have demonstrated immense application potential in numerous scientific and technological domains. ILs possess high boiling point and low volatility that make them suitable environmentally benign candidates for many potential applications. The more important aspect associated with ILs is that their physicochemical properties can be effectively changed for desired applications just by tuning the structure of the cationic and/or anionic part of ILs. Furthermore, these eco-friendly designer materials can function as electrolytes or solvents depending on the application. Owing to the distinctive properties such as low volatility, high thermal and electrochemical stability, and better ionic conductivity, ILs are nowadays immensely used in a variety of energy applications, particularly in the development of green and sustainable energy storage and conversion devices. Suitable ILs are designed for specific purposes to be used as electrolytes and/or solvents for fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors (SCs), and solar cells. Herein, we have highlighted the utilization of ILs as unique green designer materials in Li-batteries, fuel cells, SCs, and solar cells. This review will enlighten the promising prospects of these unique, environmentally sustainable materials for next-generation green energy conversion and storage devices. Ionic liquids have much to offer in the field of energy sciences regarding fixing some of the world’s most serious issues. However, most of the discoveries discussed in this review article are still at the laboratory research scale for further development. This review article will inspire researchers and readers about how ILs can be effectively applied in energy sectors for various applications as mentioned above.

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Data availability

The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

Abbreviations

HDDA:

1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate

AMII:

1–Allyl–3–methylimidazolium iodide

BMIM Cl:

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

BMII:

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide

BMIMBF4 :

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate

EMITFSI:

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifuoromethylsulfonyl)imide

EMIm:

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium

EMIM:

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium

EMIM Ac:

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate

[EMIm][Tf2N]:

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

EMIm TFSI:

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

EMImDCN:

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide

EMIBF4 :

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate

HMII:

1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide

[HMIM]I:

1-Methyl-3-hexylimidazolium iodide

PMII:

1-Methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide

PMImI:

1-Methyl-3-propyl imidazolium iodide

PMImDP:

1-Propyl-3-methylimidazolium dihydrogenphosphate

[EMIm] [TFSI]:

1-Propyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

VHpII:

1-Vinyl-3-heptylimidazolium iodide

BCP:

Bathocuproine

FSI:

Bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide

B.P.:

Boiling point

DSSCs:

Dye-sensitized solar cells

EES:

Electrical energy storage

EDLC:

Electrochemical double-layer capacitance

ESPWs:

Electrochemical stability potential windows

ETL:

Electron transport layer

ETM:

Electron transport materials

FF:

Fill factor

FA:

Formamidinium

GO:

Graphene oxide

GuNCS:

Guanidinium thiocyanate

IoT:

Internet of Things

ILs:

Ionic liquids

M.P.:

Melting point

MAF:

Methylammonium formate

MAPbI3 :

Methylammonium lead triiodide

MA:

Methylammonium

MWNT:

Multiwalled carbon nanotube

NPs:

Nanoparticles

[PyrI4][NTf2]:

N-Butyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide

NMB:

N-Methylbenzimidazole

VOC :

Open-circuit voltage

P–HI:

P[((3–(4–vinylpyridine) propanesulfonic acid) iodide)–co–(acrylonitrile)]

PCE:

Photon conversion efficiency

PVDF-HFP:

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PPDD:

Polypyridyl pendant poly(amidoamine) dendritic derivative

PTh:

Polythiophene

PIP:

Pyrrolidinium (PYR) and piperidinium

JSC :

Short-circuit current

SS-IL:

Solid-state ionic liquids

SCs:

Supercapacitors

TiOPc:

Titanium phthalocyanine

ZrP:

Zirconium phosphate

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Acknowledgements

We express our sincere gratitude to the Head and Dean, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, for providing laboratory facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry (CBFS - ASAS), Amity University Gurugram, Manesar, Panchgaon, Haryana, 122413, Gurugram, India

    Gaurav Choudhary, Jyoti Dhariwal & Kamalakanta Behera

  2. Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, U.P., India

    Moumita Saha & Shruti Trivedi

  3. MATS School of Sciences, MATS University, Pagaria Complex, Pandri, Raipur (C.G.), 492 004, India

    Manoj K. Banjare

  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211002, India

    Rahul Kanaoujiya & Kamalakanta Behera

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  1. Gaurav Choudhary
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Contributions

Manoj K. Banjare, Rahul Kanaoujiya, Shruti Trivedi, and Kamalakanta Behera: conceptualization and supervision and review and editing. Gaurav Choudhary, Jyoti Dhariwal, and Moumita Saha: review and editing, original draft preparation, and visualization. All the authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Kamalakanta Behera.

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Choudhary, G., Dhariwal, J., Saha, M. et al. Ionic liquids: environmentally sustainable materials for energy conversion and storage applications. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 10296–10316 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25468-w

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