Abstract
Allelochemicals have been shown to inhibit cyanobacterial blooms for several years. In view of the disadvantages of “direct-added” mode, natural and pollution-free tea polyphenolic allelochemicals with good inhibitory effect on cyanobacteria were selected to prepare sustained-release particles by microcapsule technology. Results showed that the encapsulation efficiency of tea polyphenols sustained-release particles (TPSPs) was 50.6% and the particle size ranged from 700 to 970 nm, which reached the nanoscale under optimum preparation condition. Physical and chemical properties of TPSPs were characterized to prove that tea polyphenols were well encapsulated and the particles had good thermal stability. The optimal dosage of TPSPs was determined to be 0.3 g/L, at which the inhibition rate on Microcystis aeruginosa in logarithmic growth period could be maintained above 95%. Simultaneous decrease in algal density and chlorophyll-a content indicated that the photosynthesis of algal cells was affected leading to cell death. Significant changes of antioxidant enzyme activities suggested that Microcystis aeruginosa’s antioxidant systems had been disrupted. Furthermore, TPSPs increased the concentration of O2− which led to lipid peroxidation of cell membrane and a subsequent increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Meanwhile, the protein content, nucleic acid content, and electrical conductivity in culture medium rose significantly indicating the cell membrane was irreversibly damaged. This work can provide a basis for the utilization of environmentally friendly algal suppressants.
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The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51779079,51979137) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20181313); the project was Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) and the Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (TAPP).
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Lixiao Ni: conceptualization, methodology, investigation writing—original draft, and funding acquisition. Jiajia Wang: investigation writing—original draft, investigation, and writing—review and editing. Yuanyi Fang: formal analysis and investigation. Chengjie Zhu: data curation and investigation. Jakpa Wizi: data curation and writing—review and editing. Zhiyun Jiang: validation and data curation. Cunhao Du: writing—review and editing and visualization. Shiyin Li: conceptualization, supervision, project administration, and resources. Xuqing Chen: resources. Jian Xu: resources. Hua Su: resources.
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Highlights
• Harmful algal blooms, especially Microcystis aeruginosa blooms, can induce several negative impacts to the aquatic ecosystem.
• As an effective allelochemical, tea polyphenols were used to prepared sustained-release particles with nano-size and high encapsulation efficiency.
• Tea polyphenols sustained-release particles (TPSPs) had the optimal dose (0.3 g/L) with high inhibitory ratio and less cost.
• TPSPs affected the photosynthesis, caused oxidative stress, disrupted antioxidant systems, and destroyed the cell membrane of cyanobacteria cells.
• TPSPs can provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of environmentally friendly sustained-release particles for algal inhibition.
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Ni, L., Wang, J., Fang, Y. et al. An innovative strategy to control Microcystis growth using tea polyphenols sustained-release particles: preparation, characterization, and inhibition mechanism. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 43113–43125 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25255-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25255-7