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Highly efficient visible light active doped metal oxide photocatalyst and SERS substrate for water treatment

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Abstract

The development of efficient nanomaterials with promising optical and surface properties for multifunctional applications has always been a subject of novel research. In this work, the study of highly efficient TiO2 nanorods (NRs) and Ta-doped TiO2 NRs (Ta-TiO2 NRs) synthesized by alkaline hydrothermal treatment followed by soaking treatment has been reported. NRs were investigated for their potential applications as recyclable/reproducible visible light active photocatalysts and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates in wastewater treatment. NRs were characterized by various microscopic (scanning and transmission electron microscopy), spectroscopic (X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, UV–visible, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy), and surface (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) techniques. The NRs exhibited promising optical properties with a band gap of 2.95 eV (TiO2 NRs) and 2.58 eV (Ta-TiO2 NRs) showing excellent photo-degradation activities for methylene blue (MB) dye molecules under natural sunlight. Particularly, Ta-TiO2 NRs showed enhanced response as visible light active photocatalysts in normal sunlight and also as SERS substrate attributed to the additional defects introduced by Ta doping. It could be explained by the combined effect of doping-induced enhanced visible light absorption and charge transfer (CT) properties of Ta-TiO2 NRs. Furthermore, Ta-TiO2 NRs were investigated for their long-term stability, reproducibility of the data, and recyclability in view of their potential applications in water treatment.

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Acknowledgements

The author (Samriti) gratefully acknowledges the MHRD for financial support throughout the work. The authors thank the Department of Chemistry and Material Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur for providing characterization facilities. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Tapas Palai, Chemical Engineering Department for helping in characterizing the samples and Dr. K. S. Ghosh for his valuable suggestions. The author (J P)

acknowledges DST, India for providing the prestigious INSPIRE Faculty award [INSPIRE/04/2015/002452(IFA15-

MS-57)] and research grant.

Funding

This work was supported by DST, India for providing the prestigious INSPIRE Faculty award [INSPIRE/04/2015/002452(IFA15-MS-57)] and research grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, 177005, India

    Samriti & Jai Prakash

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Komal Shukla & Raju Kumar Gupta

  3. Department of Physics, School of Engineering Studies, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India

    Rajeev Gupta

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Contributions

Samriti: manuscript preparation, methodology, experimentation. Komal Shukla: data collection. Rajeev Gupta: review and editing. Raju Kumar Gupta: review and editing. Jai Prakash: supervision, conceptualization, methodology, review and editing.

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Correspondence to Jai Prakash.

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Samriti, Shukla, K., Gupta, R. et al. Highly efficient visible light active doped metal oxide photocatalyst and SERS substrate for water treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 34054–34068 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24639-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24639-5

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