Abstract
In this study, we evaluated, in a pioneering way, the influence of wavelengths from the decomposition of white light on the production and physicochemical properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Bearing in mind a process of green synthesis, an extract of the bracts of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (BgC) was used, a species native to tropical and subtropical regions and frequently used in ornamentation, possessing in its photochemical composition, biomolecules capable of acting as reducing agents for convert Ag+ to Ag0. We used light-emitting diodes (LED) to obtain the desired wavelengths (violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red) in the test called rainbow, and we evaluated the obtaining of AgNPs compared to white LED light, nature, and absence of light. In the rainbow assay, we obtained a gradual increase in the intensity of the plasmonic band resonance from the red wavelength (0.124 ± 0.067 a.u.) to violet (0.680 ± 0.199 a.u.), indicating a higher reaction yield in obtaining AgNPs. Smaller hydrodynamic sizes (approximately 150 nm) at more energetic wavelengths (violet, blue, and green) about less energetic wavelengths (yellow, orange, and red) (approximately 400 nm) were obtained. Analysis by SEM microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction indicates the presence of silver nanoparticles in all LED colors used together with white LED light and Laboratory light (natural light). Due to the high environmental demand to remove pollutants from water sources, including textile dyes, we applied AgNPs/BgC to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. A minimum removal percentage greater than 65%, with emphasis on formulations synthesized by the colors of violet LED (84.27 ± 2.65%) and orange LED (85.91 ± 1.95%), was obtained.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Abarca-vargas R, Petricevich VL (2018) Bougainvillea genus: a review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med 2018:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9070927
Abidin AZ, Abu Bakar NHH, Ng EP, Tan WL (2017) Rapid degradation of methyl orange by Ag doped zeolite X in the presence of borohydride. J Taibah Univ Sci 11:1070–1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2017.06.004
Abkhalimov EV, Ershov V, Ershov B (2019) “Pure” silver hydrosol: nanoparticles and stabilizing carbonate ions 21:93. J Nanopart Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-019-4538-x
Adeyemi JO, Oriola AO, Onwudiwe DC, Oyedeji AO (2022) Plant extracts mediated metal-based nanoparticles: synthesis and biological applications 12:627. Biomolecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12050627
Al-Enazi NM (2022) Optimized synthesis of mono and bimetallic nanoparticles mediated by unicellular algal (diatom) and its efficiency to degrade azo dyes for wastewater treatment. Chemosphere 03:135068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135068
Ardani H, Imawan C, Handayani W, Djuhana D, Harmoko A, Fauzia V (2017) Enhancement of the stability of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of Diospyros discolor Willd. leaves using polyvinyl alcohol. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 188:012056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/188/1/012056
Aumaitre C, Rodriguez-Seco C, Jover J, Bardagot O, Caffy F, Kervella Y, López N, Palomares E, Demadrille R (2018) Visible and near-infrared organic photosensitizers comprising isoindigo derivatives as chromophores: synthesis, optoelectronic properties and factors limiting their efficiency in dye solar cells. J Mater Chem A 6:10074–10084. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA01826J
Aziz SB, Abdullah O, Saber D, Rasheed M, Ahmed H (2017) Investigation of metallic silver nanoparticles through UV-vis and optical micrograph techniques. International Journal of Electrochemical Science 12: 363–373. https://doi.org/10.20964/2017.01.22
Borah R, Ninakanti R, Nuyts G, Peeter H, Pedrazo-Tardajos A, Nuti S, Vande Velde C, De Wael K, Lenaerts S, Bals S, Verbruggen S (2021) Selectivity in the ligand functionalization of photocatalytic metal oxide nanoparticles for phase transfer and self-assembly applications. Chem Eur J 21:9011–9021. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202100029
Boukir A, Fellak S, Doumenq P (2019) Structural characterization of Argania spinosa Moroccan wooden artifacts during natural degradation progress using infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Heliyon 5(9):e02477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02477
Bucci G, Gadelrab K, Carter WC (2021) Mesoscale model for Ostwald ripening of catalyst nanoparticles. J Electrochem Soc 168:054515. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abf970
Chen W, Wen X, Yang J, Latzel M, Patterson R, Huang S, Shrestha S, Jia B, Moss DJ, Christiansen S, Conibeer G (2018) Free charges versus excitons: photoluminescence investigation of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well nanorods and their planar counterparts. Nanoscale 10:5358–5365. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr07567g
Clayton KN, Salameh JW, Wereley ST, Kinzer-Ursem TL (2016) Physical characterization of nanoparticle size and surface modification using particle scattering diffusometry. Biomicrofluidics 10:054107. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4962992
Courrol LC, Silva F, Laércio G (2007) A simple method to synthesize silver nanoparticles by photo-reduction. Colloids Surf, A 305:54–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.04.052
De Marco BA, Rechelo BS, Tótoli EG, Kogawa AC, Salgado HRN (2019) Evolution of green chemistry and its multidimensional impacts: a review. Saudi Pharmaceu J 27:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2018.07.011
Or E, Lemcoff NG (2020) Sunscreen-assisted selective photochemical transformations. Molecules 25:2125. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092125
Ellerbrock RH, Gerke HH (2021) FTIR spectral band shifts explained by OM–cation interactions. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 184:388–397. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202100056
Erjaee H, Rajaian H, Nazifi S (2017) Synthesis and characterization of novel silver nanoparticles using Chamaemelum nobile extract for antibacterial application. Adv Nat Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol 8:025004. https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6254/aa690b
Eya’ane Meva F, Segnou M, Okalla Ebongue C, Ntoumba A, Belle Ebanda Kedi P, Vandi D, Etoh M-A, Emmanuel M (2016) Spectroscopic synthetic optimizations monitoring of silver nanoparticles formation from Megaphrynium macrostachyum leaf extract. Rev Bras 26:640–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.06.002
Farouq R (2022) Coupling adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and maxilon red. J Fluoresc 32:1381–1388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-022-02934-1
Giraudeau C, Moussaron A, Stallivieri A, Mordon S, Frochot C (2013) Indocyanine green: photosensitizer or chromophore? Still a debate. Curr Med Chem 21:1871–1897. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666131218095802
Grasel FS, Ferrão MF, Wolf CR (2015) Development of methodology for identification the nature of the polyphenolic extracts by FTIR associated with multivariate analysis. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 153:94–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.020
Hamouda RA, Hussein MH, Abo-Elmagd RA, Bawazir SS (2019) Synthesis and biological characterization of silver nanoparticles derived from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limnetica. Sci Rep 9:13071. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49444-y
Hanasaki I, Hosokawa C (2019) Time-scale dependent Brownian motion of nanoparticles in clusters at a solid-liquid interface by laser trapping. J Phys: Conf Ser 1220:012054. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1220/1/012054
Hassanisaadi M, Bonjar GHS, Rahdar A, Pandey S, Hosseinipour A, Abdolshahi R (2021) Environmentally safe biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant water extracts. Nanomaterials 11:2033. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11082033
Hassanisaadi M, Shahidi Bonjar AH, Rahdar A, Varma R, Ajalli N, Pandey S (2022) Eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aloysia citrodora leaf extract and evaluations of their bioactivities. 33:104183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104183
Hssaini L, Razouk R, Bouslihim Y (2022) Rapid prediction of fig phenolic acids and flavonoids using mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with partial least square regression. Front Plant Sci 13:782159. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.782159
Iqbal S, Zahoor C, Musaddiq S, Hussain M, Begum R, Irfan A, Azam M, Farooqi ZH (2020) Silver nanoparticles stabilized in polymer hydrogels for catalytic degradation of azo dyes. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 202:110924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110924
Jeevanandam J, Barhoum A, Chan YS, Dufresne A, Danquah MK (2018) Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 9:1050–1074. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.98
Jia P, Hongwei T, Kuiren L, Wei G (2018) Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by bone char. Appl Sci 8:1903. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8101903
Kadam J, Dhawal P, Barve S, Kadodkar S (2020) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cauliflower waste and their multifaceted applications in photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye and Hg2+ biosensing. SN Applied Sciences 2:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2543-4
Kemper F, Beckert E, Eberhardt R, Tünnermann A (2017) Light filter tailoring – the impact of light emitting diode irradiation on the morphology and optical properties of silver nanoparticles within polyethylenimine thin films. RSC Adv 7:41603–41609. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA08293B
Khan M, Khan AU, Rafatullah M, Alam M, Bogdanchikova N, Garibo D (2022) Search for effective approaches to fight microorganisms causing high losses in agriculture: application of P. lilacinum metabolites and mycosynthesised silver nanoparticles. Biomolecules 12:174. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12020174
Khan I, Saeed K, Khan I (2019) Nanoparticles: properties, applications and toxicities. Arab J Chem 12(7):908–931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.05.011
Kowalczuk D, Pitucha M (2019) Application of FTIR method for the assessment of immobilization of active substances in the matrix of biomedical materials. Materials 12:2972. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12182972
Lellis BC, Fávaro-Polonio CZ, Pamphile JA, Polonio JC (2019) Effects of textile dyes on health and the environment and bioremediation potential of living organisms. Biotechnol Res Innov 3:275–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biori.2019.09.001
Lever J, Krzywinski M, Altman N (2017) Principal component analysis. Nat Methods 14:641–642. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4346
Liu Y, Chen Q, Cullen D, Xie Z, Lian T (2020) Efficient hot electron transfer from small au nanoparticles. Nano Lett 20:4322–4329. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01050
Liu X, Verma G, Chen Z, Hu B, Huang Q, Yang H, Ma S, Wang X (2022) Metal-organic framework nanocrystal-derived hollow porous materials: synthetic strategies and emerging applications. Innovation (camb) 3:100281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100281
Lomelí-Rosales DA, Zamudio-Ojeda A, Cortes-Llamas AS, Velázquez-Juárez G (2019) One-step synthesis of gold and silver non-spherical nanoparticles mediated by Eosin Methylene Blue agar. Sci Rep 9:19327. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55744-0
Mahesh S, Gopal A, Thirumalai R, Ajayaghosh A (2012) Light-induced Ostwald ripening of organic nanodots to rods. J Am Chem Soc 134:7227–7230. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja301002g
Maillard M, Huang P, Brus L (2003) Silver nanodisk growth by surface Plasmon enhanced photoreduction of adsorbed [Ag+]. Nano Lett 3:1611–1615. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl034666d
Mamera M, van Tol JJ, Makhosazana PA, Elmarie K (2020) Sensitivity and calibration of the FT-IR spectroscopy on concentration of heavy metal ions in river and borehole water sources. Appl Sci 10:7785. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217785
Markvart T, Bauer G (2012) What is the useful energy of a photon? Appl Phys Lett 101:193901. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4766177
Matheson A, Ruseckas A, Pearson S, Samuel I (2019) Hole delocalization as a driving force for charge pair dissociation in organic photovoltaics. Mater Horiz 6:1050–1056. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8MH01204K
Mavaei M, Chahardoli A, Shokoohinia Y, Khoshroo A, Al F (2020) One-step synthesized silver nanoparticles using isoimperatorin: evaluation of photocatalytic, and electrochemical activities. Sci Rep 10:1762. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58697-x
Miceli M, Frontera P, Macario A, Malara A (2021) Recovery/reuse of heterogeneous supported spent catalysts. Catalysts 11:591. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11050591
Mohanty J, Palit DK, Shastri LV, Sapre AV (2000) Pulsed laser excitation of phosphate stabilised silver nanoparticles. J Chem Sci 112:63–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02704301
Munir M, Nazar M, Zafar M, Zubair M, Ashfaq M, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Khan S, Ahmad A (2020) Effective adsorptive removal of methylene blue from water by didodecyldimethylammonium bromide-modified brown clay 5: 16711–16721https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c01613
Nagaraj B, Chandra B, Suresh A (2017) Nanoparticles-shape influenced high-efficient degradation of dyes: comparative evaluation of nano-cubes vs nano-rods vs nano-spheres. J Mol Liq 242:958–965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2017.07.101
Nandiyanto AB, Oktiani R, Ragadhita R (2019) How to read and interpret FTIR spectroscope of organic material. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 4:97–118. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v4i1.15806
Nguyen VT (2020) Sunlight-driven synthesis of silver nanoparticles using pomelo peel extract and antibacterial testing 2020:1-9. J Chem. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6407081
Noirbent G, Dumur F (2021) Photoinitiators of polymerization with reduced environmental impact: nature as an unlimited and renewable source of dyes. Eur Polymer J 142:110109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110109
Odziomek K, Ushizima D, Oberbek P, Kurzydłowski KJ, Puzyn T, Haranczyk M (2016) Scanning electron microscopy image representativeness: morphological data on nanoparticles. J Microsc 265:34–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12461
Oleszko A, Olsztyńska-Janus S, Walski T, Grzeszczuk-Kuć K, Bujok J, Gałecka K, Czerski A, Witkiewicz W, Komorowska M (2015) Application of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy to determine the extent of lipid peroxidation in plasma during haemodialysis. Biomed Res Intl 2015:245607. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/245607
O'Mahony C, Farrell R, Goshal T, Holmes J, Morris M (2011) The thermodynamics of defect formation in self-assembled systems in book: thermodynamics - systems in equilibrium and non-equilibrium, edited by Juan Moreno-Piraján, IntechOpen, London, pp 279–306. https://doi.org/10.5772/20145
Osisioma O, Chakraborty M, Ault B, Gudmundsdóttir A (2018) Wavelength-dependent photochemistry of 2-azidovinylbenzene and 2-phenyl-2 H -azirine. J Mol Struct 1172:94–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.042
Protti S, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M (2019) Wavelength dependence and wavelength selectivity in photochemical reactions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 18(9):2094–2101. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8pp00512e
Rafiq A, Ikram M, Ali S, Niaz F, Khan M, Khan Q, Maqbool M (2021) Photocatalytic degradation of dyes using semiconductor photocatalysts to clean industrial water pollution. J Ind Eng Chem 97:111–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2021.02.017
Rahdar S, Pal K, Mohammadi L, Rahdar A, Goharniya Y, Samani S, Kyzas G (2020a) Response surface methodology for the removal of nitrate ions by adsorption onto copper oxide nanoparticles. J Mol Struct 1231:129686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129686
Rahdar A, Rahdar S, Askari F, Ahmadi S, Shahraki H, Mohammadi L, Sankar Sivasankarapillai V, Kyzas GZ (2020b) Effectiveness of graphene quantum dot nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide for the removal of ciprofloxacin from aqueous media: response surface methodology. Sep Sci Technol 56:2124–2140. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2020.1807569
Rahdar S, Rahdar A, Sattari M, Hafshejani LD, Tolkou AK, Kyzas GZ (2021) Barium/cobalt@polyethylene glycol nanocomposites for dye removal from aqueous solutions. Polymers 13:1161. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071161
Ricco R, Nizzero S, Penna E, Meneghello A, Cretaio E, Enrichi F (2018) Ultra-small dye-doped silica nanoparticles via modified sol-gel technique. J Nanopart Res 20:117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-018-4227-1
Ruan W, Hu J, Qi J, Hou Y, Zhou C, Wei X (2019) Removal of dyes from wastewater by nanomaterials: a review. Adv Mater Lett 10:9–20. https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2019.2148
Saeb AT, Alshammari AS, Al-Brahim H, Al-Rubeaan KA (2014) Production of silver nanoparticles with strong and stable antimicrobial activity against highly pathogenic and multidrug resistant bacteria. Sci World J 2014:704708. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/704708
Sahu AK, Das A, Ghosh A, Raj S (2021) Understanding blue shift of the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance during growth of gold nanorods. Nano Express 2:010009. https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959X/abd966
Scaiano JC, Stamplecoskie KG, Hallett-Tapley GL (2012) Photochemical Norrish type I reaction as a tool for metal nanoparticle synthesis: importance of proton coupled electron transfer. Chem Commun 48:4798–4808. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CC30615H
Shafiqa AR, Aziz AA, Mehrdel B (2018) Nanoparticle optical properties: size dependence of a single gold spherical nanoparticle. J Phys: Conf Ser 1083:012040. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1083/1/012040
Shahi P, Prakash R, Rai S (2018) Silver nanoparticles embedded hybrid organometallic complexes: structural interactions, photo-induced energy transfer, plasmonic effect and optical thermometry. AIP Adv 8:065117. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5020812
Shang J, Gao X (2014) Nanoparticle counting: towards accurate determination of the molar concentration. Chem Soc Rev 43:7267–7278. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CS00128A
Sheng Y, Wei Z, Miao H, Yao W, Li H (2019) Enhanced organic pollutant photodegradation via adsorption/photocatalysis synergy using a 3D g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 free-separation photocatalyst 370: 287-294. Chem Eng J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.197
Shrivastava S, Dash D (2009) Applying nanotechnology to human health: revolution in biomedical sciences. J Nanotechnol 2009:ID184702. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/184702
Siewert B, Stuppner H (2019) The photoactivity of natural products – an overlooked potential of phytomedicines? Phytomedicine 60:152985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152985
Takeuchi KJ, Yau SZ, Menard MC, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi ES (2012) Synthetic control of composition and crystallite size of silver hollandite, Ag(x)Mn8O16: impact on electrochemistry. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:5547–5554. https://doi.org/10.1021/am301443g
Tian S, Xu S, Liu J, He C, Xiong Y, Feng P (2019) Highly efficient removal of both cationic and anionic dyes from wastewater with a water-stable and eco-friendly Fe-MOF via host-guest encapsulation. J Clean Prod 239117767–S0959652619326277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117767
Tsai WB, Kao JY, Cheng WT (2016) Dispersion of titanium oxide nanoparticles in aqueous solution with anionic stabilizer via ultrasonic wave. J Nanopart 2016:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6539581
Vadlapudi V, Amanchy R (2017) Phytofabrication of silver nanoparticles using Myriostachya wightiana as a novel bioresource, and evaluation of their biological activities. Braz Arch Biol Technol 60. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2017160329
Vedhantham K, Girigoswami A, Harini A, Girigoswami K (2021) Waste water remediation using nanotechnology-a review. Biointer Res Appl Chem 12: 4476–4495. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC124.44764495
Wang J, Jia S, Cao Y, Wang W, Yu P (2018) Design principles for nanoparticle plasmon-enhanced organic solar cells. Nanoscale Res Lett 13:2011. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-018-2620-4
Wang W, Xie N, He L, Yin Y (2014) Photocatalytic colour switching of redox dyes for ink-free light-printable rewritable paper. Nat Commun 5:5459. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6459
Yamada YMA, Baek H, Sato T, Nakao A, Uozumi Y (2020) Metallically gradated silicon nanowire and palladium nanoparticle composites as robust hydrogenation catalysts. Commun Chem 3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-020-0332-z
Yassin MT, Mostafa AA-F, Al-Askar AA, Al-Otibi FO (2022) Facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Origanum majorana with potential bioactivity against multidrug resistant bacterial strains. Crystals 12:603. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050603
Yucknovsky A, Mondal S, Burnstine A, Foqara M, Amdursky N (2019) Use of photoacids and photobases to control dynamic self-assembly of gold nanoparticles in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions. Nano Lett 19:3804–3810. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00952
Zhang S, Liu Y, Ma R, Jia D, Ai Y, Zhao G, Fang F, Hu B, Wang X (2022a) Molybdenum (VI)-oxo clusters incorporation activates g-C3N4 with simultaneously regulating charge transfer and reaction centers for boosting photocatalytic performance. Adv Func Mater 32:2204175. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202204175
Zhang W, Zhang R-Z, Huang Y-Q, Yang J-M (2018) Effect of the synergetic interplay between the electrostatic interactions, size of the dye molecules, and adsorption sites of MIL-101(Cr) on the adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions. Crystal Growth Des 12:7533–7540. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/acs.cgd.8b01340
Zhang Y, Liu H, Gao F, Tan X, Cai Y, Hu B, Huang Q, Fang M, Wang X (2022b) Application of MOFs and COFs for photocatalysis in CO2 reduction, H2 generation, and environmental treatment. EnergyChem 4:100078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enchem.2022.100078
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledged Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (DS Program).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Augusto Cezar Dotta Filho, Jefferson de Jesus Soares, Murilo Ricardo Sigal Carriço, Gabriel Pedroso Viçozi, Wladimir Hernandez Flores, Cristiane Casagrande Denardin, Rafael Roehrs, and Elton Luís Gasparotto Denardin. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Augusto Cezar Dotta Filho and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: George Z. Kyzas
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Filho, A.C.D., de Jesus Soares, J., Carriço, M.R.S. et al. Green synthesis silver nanoparticles Bougainvillea glabra Choisy/LED light with high catalytic activity in the removal of methylene blue aqueous solution. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 36244–36258 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24633-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24633-x