Abstract
With the increasing requirement of international energy security, oil storage projects have been constructed in large numbers, but leaking petroleum-based contaminants are threatening the soil and groundwater environment. In order to assess the environmental risk of petroleum-based contaminants, an experimental apparatus was designed and developed to monitor the concentration and pressure variations of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) in filled fractured network media. The mobilization mechanism of LNAPL was investigated by theoretical analysis and laboratory experiments; the pressure balance relationships at different interfaces were investigated. When the experimental model was unsaturated, the dynamic processes of concentration and pressure at different locations in filled fractures were explored. When the groundwater level was raised to 35 cm, the cumulative height of LNAPL (HL) was a function of the density of LNAPL, interfacial tension, interfacial contact angle, aperture of fracture, porosity, and particle diameter of filling and HL21 > HL22. The final concentrations of H21, H22, H25, H26, and H27 were 0.467, 0.458, 0.026, 0.062, and 0.041 mg/mL, respectively. Subsequently, the effect of the particle diameter of filling sand on LNAPL mobilization was further discussed, the concentration of each point in the fractures increased with the increase of the particle diameter of filling sand, and its peak decreased with the increase of the burial depth. The response time of pressure at each point was advanced and the peak of pressure dynamic curve increased as the particle diameter of filling sand increased. The peak pressure heads of H12 and H13 were 22.360 cm and 25.332 cm respectively when the particle diameter of filling was 0.5–1.0 mm. The Spearman analysis results between LNAPL concentration and time showed a significant correlation (≥ 0.879, \(\alpha {=0.05}\)). Research results characterized the existence and mobilization of LNAPL in filled fractured network media from the perspectives of concentration and pressure, which could provide a reference for the study of the leakage and migration mechanism of LNAPL.
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Funding
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund Project (No. U2240217), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41772235), and the China Scholarship Council (No. 202006710132).
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Huan Shen: conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, investigation, writing-original draft, visualization. Yong Huang: conceptualization, methodology, writing-reviewing and editing, supervision, funding acquisition. Yue Su: validation, investigation, data curation. Kehan Miao: investigation, resources. Yin Jiang: resources.
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Shen, H., Huang, Y., Su, Y. et al. Experimental investigation of light non-aqueous phase liquid mobilization in filled fractured network media. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 32628–32640 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24511-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24511-6