Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in aquatic environments. They could induce intestinal toxicity in the fish. However, research on the metabolic toxicity of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) with different particle sizes to the zebrafish intestine is still limited. Here, metabolomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was applied to characterize the metabolic disorders in zebrafish intestine after exposure to 500 μg/L PS-MPs with different sizes (100 nm, 5 μm, and 200 μm) for 21 days. Results showed that the 100 nm PS-MPs group increased glutathione content. A total of 35, 165, and 87 metabolites were significantly altered in zebrafish intestines of 100 nm, 5 μm, and 200 μm groups under positive ion mode, respectively. In comparison, 31, 115, and 45 metabolites were changed in the 100 nm, 5 μm, and 200 μm groups under negative ion mode, respectively. Metabolic pathway analysis indicated that carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism were changed in all three groups. The greatest changes were found in the 5 μm group. Moreover, treatment with micro-sized PS-MP groups specifically changed lipid metabolism, which might be related to pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus and Moraxella). In the 100 nm PS-MP group, S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) was found to be markedly related to the intestinal microbiota. SAM level was significantly increased, which might account for the elevated glutathione content. To sum up, the mechanisms of nano-sized MPs (oxidative stress) and micro-sized MPs (lipid metabolism disorder) were distinct. This study provides novel insight into the toxicity mechanism of MPs in the zebrafish intestine.
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This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21976087), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20200011), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (021114380170), and the Excellent Research Program of Nanjing University (ZYJH005).
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All authors contributed to the study conception. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by JY and WG. The first manuscript was written by JY. All authors modified the manuscript. The project administration and funding acquisition were provided by BW. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Yu, J., Gu, W., Chen, L. et al. Comparison of metabolome profiles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) intestine induced by polystyrene microplastics with different sizes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 22760–22771 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23827-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23827-7