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Sedimentary processes, metal enrichment and potential ecological risk of metals in lacustrine sediments of Svalbard, Arctic

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Abstract

The Svalbard archipelago is a glacial environment bestowed with various lakes that act as a natural archive for understanding environmental conditions. The accumulation of sediments in lake basins and their distribution are affected by different mechanisms. Therefore, to understand the distribution of sediments, factors controlling the transport and metal enrichment in the lake environment, core sediments were studied from four lakes (L-A, L-1, L-2 and L-3). Also, the potential ecological risk index (PERI) was computed to determine the impact of metal enrichment on the sediment-associated biota. The results obtained showed that the distribution of trace elements was mainly controlled by the major elements like Al, Ti, Fe, and Mn attributed to their lithogenic origin. Index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) of all four lakes showed a moderate level of enrichment of metals like Cr and Cd indicating an enhanced supply of these metals probably from the catchment rocks and anthropogenic activities. A comparison of metals with Arctic Sediment Quality Guidelines (ASQGs) showed that Cd, Cr and Cu were enriched in the sediments of all the cores indicating the occurrence of adverse biological effects. Furthermore, a potential ecological risk index (PERI) revealed high Cd indicating considerable potential ecological risk to the sediment-associated biota. Thus, trace element influx to the lakes needs to be monitored with due emphasis on Cd contamination.

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All data generated or analysed during the current study are presented in this article. Raw data will also be accessible from the author group if requested.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Director, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, for providing the opportunity to one of the authors (SC) to participate in the Indian Arctic program and Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) for providing the logistic support required for the collection of samples. One of the authors (SC) thanks the University Grant Commission (UGC), for awarding a national fellowship (F1-17.1/2015-16/MANF-2015-17-UTT-51739) and another author (GNN) to Council for Science and Industrial Research (CSIR) for awarding CSIR Emeritus Scientist from July 2019. The authors thank Dr. Waliur Rehman and Dr. Anoop Tiwari, Scientists, ESSO-NCAOR, Goa, for assistance in the metal analysis.

Funding

This work was supported by University Grant Commission (Grant numbers F1-17.1/2015–16/MANF-2015–17-UTT-51739). SC has received research support from University Grant Commission.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa, 403206, India

    Shabnam Choudhary & Ganapati N. Nayak

  2. National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Goa, 403802, India

    Shabnam Choudhary

  3. Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, New Delhi, 110003, India

    Neloy Khare

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  1. Shabnam Choudhary
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, analysis, and writing original draft were performed by SC. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SC and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Conceptualisation, reviewing and editing, validation, and visualisation by GNN. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shabnam Choudhary.

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Choudhary, S., Nayak, G.N. & Khare, N. Sedimentary processes, metal enrichment and potential ecological risk of metals in lacustrine sediments of Svalbard, Arctic. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 106967–106981 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23600-w

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