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Application of spray-dried erythromycin fermentation residue as a soil amendment: antibiotic resistance genes, nitrogen cycling, and microbial community structure

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Abstract

Erythromycin fermentation residue (EFR) after spray drying could be reused as a soil amendment. However, the effects of spray-dried EFR on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), nitrogen cycling, and microbial community structure in soil are rarely reported. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted by adding spray-dried EFR to soil. For the application of 1.0% spray-dried EFR, the residual erythromycin (ERY) could be rapidly removed with the half-life of 22.2 d; the total relative abundance of ARGs increased at first, but decreased to the initial level of the control group in the end; genes related to ammonium assimilation (glnA, gltB, gltD), ammonification (gdhA, gudB, cynT, cynS, ncd2), denitrification (narI, narG, narH), assimilatory nitrate reduction (nirA, nasA), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction (nirD) were enriched; soil microbial community structure presented temporary variation. Network analysis showed significant negative correlations between ARGs and nitrogen cycling genes. The addition of 6.0% spray-dried EFR resulted in the amplification of ARGs and inhibition of nitrogen cycling. This work provides new insights into the effects of spray-dried EFR on ARGs, nitrogen cycling, and microbial community structure within the fertilized soil.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article and its supplementary material.

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Funding

This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 51978497).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China

    Yanxiang Zhang & Gang Wang

  2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Huiling Liu & Xiaohu Dai

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  1. Yanxiang Zhang
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  2. Gang Wang
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  3. Huiling Liu
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  4. Xiaohu Dai
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Contributions

Yanxiang Zhang: investigation, formal analysis, data curation, writing—original draft. Gang Wang: writing—review and editing. Xiaohu Dai: writing—review and editing. Huiling Liu: supervision, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Huiling Liu.

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Highlights

• The application of spray-dried EFR as a soil amendment was investigated.

• ARG abundance was temporarily affected with the addition of 1.0% spray-dried EFR.

• N cycling genes were enriched following the application of 1.0% spray-dried EFR.

• Bacterial community presented temporary shifts as 1.0% spray-dried EFR amended.

• Negative correlations were found between ARGs and N cycling genes.

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Zhang, Y., Wang, G., Liu, H. et al. Application of spray-dried erythromycin fermentation residue as a soil amendment: antibiotic resistance genes, nitrogen cycling, and microbial community structure. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 20547–20557 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23361-6

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