Abstract
Flow modification pursuing dams is widely found. Some works also focused on its impact on floodplain wetland hydrology. However, how this change can pose an impact on habitat conditions, ecological conditions, and trophic state is also a matter of investigation. The very least attention has been paid to this so far. Therefore, the present study focused on these, taking the dam-induced Lower Tangon river basin of India and Bangladesh as a case. The degree of flow alteration in the river was presented in a heat map. Multi-parametric machine learning (ML) approaches were applied to model hydrological instability and habitat condition. The ecological consequences like evaluating eco-deficit using flow duration curve (FDC) approach, trophic state using trophic state index (TSI), fish habitat zone using image-based hydrological parameters, etc. were measured. The study exhibited that after damming, the degree of river flow modification was about 41%. Consequently, the wetland hydrological instability and habitat conditions were degraded. In the post-dam period, > 50% of wetland area was lost, and hydrological instability was enhanced considerably over wider parts of the wetland. Habitat conditions of the existing wetland also witnessed fragility (poor and very poor areas increased by about 22.23 and 9.34%). As a result of this, adverse ecological responses were found. For instance, the eco-deficit area was increased by 36.19%, a good proportion (100%) of wetlands was witnessed the transformation of TSI from oligotrophic to mesotrophic state, and optimum fish habitat area was declined. The ecological strength map integrating all the cause-effect model parameters showed that good ecological strength was reduced from 49 to 2% in the post-dam. The result of the study would be very useful for wetland restoration for ecological and human well-being.
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All the data and materials related to the manuscript are published with the paper and available from the corresponding author upon request (pankajsingha2014@gmail.com).
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All the data and materials related to the manuscript are published with the paper and available from the corresponding author upon request (pankajsingha2014@gmail.com).
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Acknowledgements
The second author of the article would like to thank the University Grants Commission (UGC ref. no. 3267/(SC)(NET-JAN.2017), New Delhi, India, for providing financial support as a Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) to conduct the research work presented in this paper. We are also thankful to Dr. Alexandros Stefanakis (Editor), Environmental Science and Pollution Research, and three anonymous reviewers for their highly constructive suggestions for improving the manuscript.
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Conceptualization, Swades Pal and Pankaj Singha; formal analysis, Swades Pal and Pankaj Singha; methodology, Swades Pal and Pankaj Singha; software, Pankaj Singha; supervision, Swades Pal; validation: Pankaj Singha; writing—original draft, Swades Pal and Pankaj Singha; writing—review and editing, Swades Pal and Pankaj Singha.
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Pal, S., Singha, P. Linking river flow modification with wetland hydrological instability, habitat condition, and ecological responses. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 11634–11660 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22761-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22761-y