Preparation and modification methods of defective titanium dioxide-based nanoparticles for photocatalytic wastewater treatment—a comprehensive review

Haruna, Abdurrashid; Chong, Fai-Kait; Ho, Yeek-Chia; Merican, Zulkifli Merican Aljunid

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-22749-8

Preparation and modification methods of defective titanium dioxide-based nanoparticles for photocatalytic wastewater treatment—a comprehensive review

Review Article
Published: 31 August 2022

Volume 29, pages 70706–70745, (2022)
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Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abdurrashid Haruna ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0410-1015^1,2,3,
Fai-Kait Chong^1,3,
Yeek-Chia Ho^4,5 &
…
Zulkifli Merican Aljunid Merican^1,6

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Abstract

The rapid population growth and industrial expansion worldwide have created serious water contamination concerns. To curb the pollution issue, it has become imperative to use a versatile material for the treatment. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has been recognized as the most-studied nanoparticle in various fields of science and engineering due to its availability, low cost, efficiency, and other fascinating properties with a wide range of applications in modern technology. Recent studies revealed the photocatalytic activity of the material for the treatment of industrial effluents to promote environmental sustainability. With the wide band gap energy of 3.2 eV, TiO₂ can be activated under UV light; thus, many strategies have been proposed to extend its photoabsorption to the visible light region. In what follows, this has generated increasing attention to study its characteristics and structural modifications in different forms for photocatalytic applications. The present review provides an insight into the understanding of the synthesis methods of TiO₂, the current progress in the treatment techniques for the degradation of wide environmental pollutants employing modified TiO₂ nanoparticles, and the factors affecting its photocatalytic activities. Further, recent developments in using titania for practical applications, the approach for designing novel nanomaterials, and the prospects and opportunities in this exciting area have been discussed.

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Article Open access 03 March 2021

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Data availability

All data analyzed during this work are included in this draft manuscript.

Abbreviations

AOPs:: advanced oxidation processes
AC:: Activated carbon
WHO:: World Health Organizations
TiO₂ :: Titanium dioxide
MB:: Methylene blue
MO:: Methyl orange
MR:: Methyl red
RhB:: Rhodamine B
TCH:: Tetracycline hydrochloride
VB:: Valence band
CB:: Conduction band
CTAB:: Hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
ROS:: Reactive oxygen species
e − :: Electron
h+:: holes
chl:: Chlorophyll
BN:: Boron nitride
POME:: Palm oil mill effluent
T-POME:: Treated-palm oil mill effluent
BOD:: Biochemical oxygen demand
COD :: Chemical oxygen demand
TOC :: Total organic carbon
UV :: Ultra violet
DOE:: Department of environment
HRT :: Hydraulic retention time
SOV :: Surface oxygen vacancy
NU:: United Nations
UF :: Ultra filtration
DFT :: Density Functional Theory

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia with grant number FRGS/1/2020/STG05/UTP/02/2 (015MA0-122). The first author is thankful to the Center for Graduate Studies (CGS), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, for the award of PhD support through the Graduate Assistantship Scheme.

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Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Abdurrashid Haruna, Fai-Kait Chong & Zulkifli Merican Aljunid Merican
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Abdurrashid Haruna
Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Institute of Autonomous System, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
Abdurrashid Haruna & Fai-Kait Chong
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Yeek-Chia Ho
Centre for Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute for Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Yeek-Chia Ho
Institute of Contaminant Management for Oil & Gas, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Zulkifli Merican Aljunid Merican

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Abdurrashid Haruna drafted the manuscript and all authors commented on the first version. All authors read and approved the final draft manuscript. Abdurrashid Haruna: Methodology, investigation, data curation, visualization, writing—original draft; Fai Kait Chong: conceptualization, supervision, data curation, formal analysis, project administration, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing; Yeek-Chia Ho: supervision, data curation, formal analysis, writing—review and editing, Zulkifli MA Merican: supervision, data curation, formal analysis, writing—review and editing.

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Haruna, A., Chong, FK., Ho, YC. et al. Preparation and modification methods of defective titanium dioxide-based nanoparticles for photocatalytic wastewater treatment—a comprehensive review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 70706–70745 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22749-8

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Received: 18 May 2022
Accepted: 22 August 2022
Published: 31 August 2022
Issue Date: October 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22749-8

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Preparation and modification methods of defective titanium dioxide-based nanoparticles for photocatalytic wastewater treatment—a comprehensive review

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Preparation and modification methods of defective titanium dioxide-based nanoparticles for photocatalytic wastewater treatment—a comprehensive review

Abstract

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An overview of photocatalytic degradation: photocatalysts, mechanisms, and development of photocatalytic membrane

Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by chemical and green synthesis methods and their multifaceted properties

Metal oxides nanoparticles via sol–gel method: a review on synthesis, characterization and applications

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