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Impact of particle sizes on health risks and source-specific health risks for heavy metals in road dust

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Abstract

To analyze the impact of particle sizes on sources and related health risks for heavy metals, road dust samples in Beijing were collected and sifted into five particle sizes. The positive matrix factorization (PMF), human health risk assessment model (HHRA), and Monte Carlo simulation were used in the health risk assessment and source apportionment. Results showed that mass of particles < 74 μm occupied about 50% of the total particles, while only 8.48% of the particles were > 500 μm. Mass distribution and concentrations of heavy metals in each particle size changed in temporal. Over 85.00% of carcinogenic risks (CR) were from particles <74 μm, whereas CR from particles >250 μm were ignorable. Sources for health risks in each particle size were traffic exhaust, fuel combustion, construction, and use of pesticides and fertilizers. Proportions of sources to CR differed among particle sizes. Traffic exhaust and fuel combustion contributed over 90% to CR in particles <74 μm, whereas construction contributed the highest (31.68–54.14%) among all sources in particles 74–250 μm. Furthermore, the difference between health risks based on sifted road dust and that based on unsifted road dust was quantitatively analyzed. Source-specific health risk apportionment based on unsifted road dust was not presentative to all particle sizes, and true value of health risks could be over 2.5 times of the estimated value based on unsifted road dust, emphasized the importance of sifting of road dust.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the editors and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions on this paper.

Availability of data and materials

All the data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Funding

The research was funded by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (41530635) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0605001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China

    Cong Men, Ruimin Liu, Yifan Wang, Leiping Cao, Lijun Jiao, Lin Li & Yue Wang

Authors
  1. Cong Men
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  2. Ruimin Liu
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  3. Yifan Wang
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  4. Leiping Cao
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  5. Lijun Jiao
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  6. Lin Li
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  7. Yue Wang
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Contributions

Cong Men: conceptualization, methodology, software, writing — original draft. Ruimin Liu: conceptualization, supervision, writing — review and editing. Yifang Wang: data curation, software, validation. Leiping Cao: analysis with constructive discussions. Lijun Jiao: investigation, data curation. Lin Li: investigation, visualization. Yue Wang: software, visualization.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ruimin Liu.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya

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Men, C., Liu, R., Wang, Y. et al. Impact of particle sizes on health risks and source-specific health risks for heavy metals in road dust. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 75471–75486 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21060-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21060-w

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