Abstract
A real industrial effluent from the pre-treatment and painting processes was polished through adsorption using alternative biochar derived from grape pomace wastes. The biochar was produced in a pilot-scale plant from composted grape pomace. Biochar showed an equilibrium between acidic and basic groups on the surface. The presence of irregular cavities in the structure and mesopores was confirmed by analyzing N2 physisorption and SEM. Concerning the effluent, Ni and Zn were the main problematic elements. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics of Ni and Zn from the effluent using the biochar could be represented by the Henry, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 60 min for Ni and Zn present in the real effluent. Besides, the adsorption process was endothermic, favorable, and spontaneous. These results demonstrate that Zn and Ni metals were successfully removed from the industrial effluent, presenting final concentration values within the limit of legislation for effluent disposal in agricultural soil.
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The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The authors would like to thank Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for their financial support.
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Conceptualization, F. L. Carvalho, F. Ketzer, and G. L. Dotto; methodology, R. R. Schio and J. P. dos Santos; formal analysis and investigation, R. R. Schio and J. P. dos Santos; writing — original draft preparation, F. L. Carvalho, F. Ketzer, R. R. Schio, and J. P. dos Santos; writing — review and editing, G. L. Dotto, D. Pinto, and L. F. O. Silva; funding acquisition, G. L. Dotto and L. F. O. Silva; and supervision, G. L. Dotto. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Carvalho, F.L., Pinto, D., Schio, R.R. et al. Polishing of painting process effluents through adsorption with biochar from winemaking residues. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 66348–66358 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20488-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20488-4