Abstract
One of the strategies for agricultural development is the optimal use of irrigation and drainage networks, which leads to higher productivity and economic benefits. In this regard, quantitative and qualitative studies of drainage water from networks are essential for efficient water management. In the present study, we develop a model using a system dynamics approach to simulate the cropping pattern of an irrigation and drainage network as well as the discharge and salinity of drainage water from network farms. We apply the Powell algorithm to optimize the economic profitability of cultivated crops by considering the salinity and discharge of drainage water from the fields. With three aims, i.e., (1) maximizing benefit–cost ratio, (2) minimizing drainage water salinity and discharge of network, and (3) economic and environmental considerations simultaneously, the optimization of cropping pattern within the Kosar irrigation and drainage network is performed. Results based on five consecutive years under different scenarios showed that some crops, such as watermelon, are not economically recommened for production due to high costs, water consumption, and low selling price causes environmental pollution. On the other hand, wheat, grain maize, silage maize, sorghum, and alfalfa have different conditions, and their production is suitable by considering all scenarios. By comparing with experimental data, we find that the proposed model is accurate to simulate and optimize the irrigation network and to detect its cropping pattern.
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Acknowledgements
BG is grateful to Kansas State University for financial supports through faculty startup fund.
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Saeed Azadi performed SD model to simulate and optimize cropping pattern.
Hamed Nozari designed and directed the project as well as supervised the research.
Behzad Ghanbarian and Safar Marofi contributed to the study conception and design.
All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.
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Azadi, S., Nozari, H., Ghanbarian, B. et al. Optimizing cropping pattern to improve the performance of irrigation network using system dynamics—Powell algorithm. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 64547–64559 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20335-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20335-6