Abstract
This pilot investigation aimed to evaluate the removal efficiency and the underlying biocatalytic pathways of immobilized fungal laccase during the oxidative biotransformation of a non-phenolic metabolite, 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) derived from dicarboximide fungicides. The maximum loading of laccase on the microporous support surfaces could reach 36.4 mg/g. The immobilized laccase on the microporous support surfaces exhibited excellent thermal stability, pH adaptability, storage stability, and reusability compared to free laccase. The ILMS assay indicated that the immobilized laccase efficiently removed studied 3,5-DCA (99–100%) in the aqueous medium, within 72 h in the presence of catechol. In this study, we identified three coupling reaction products during the removal of 3,5-DCA through an ILMS assay. Based on the identified coupling reaction products, we proposed the reaction pathway for the biotransformation of 3,5-DCA by immobilized laccase, which was shown to be potentially useful in the sustainable environmental remediation of aniline metabolite (i.e., 3,5-DCA) derived from dicarboximide fungicides.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Authors are grateful to Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea for proofreading, plagiarism checking, and other technical supports throughout the writing period of the paper.
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This research work was supported by the 2021 research fund of Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Aniruddha Sarker, Tofazzal Islam, Jang-Eok Kim, and Muhammad Bilal. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Aniruddha Sarker, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Sarker, A., Islam, T., Bilal, M. et al. A pilot study for enhanced transformation of a metabolite 3,5-dichloroaniline derived from dicarboximide fungicides through immobilized laccase mediator system. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 52857–52872 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19645-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19645-6