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Monitoring of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and some derivatives in fish products in the Turkey market

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Abstract

The exposure to bisphenols and their derivatives was assessed in 33 fish products sold in Turkey using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). BADGE was determined in only four samples at concentrations ranging between 0.06 and 0.22 mg/kg. As the most abundant bisphenol groups, BADGE-hydrolyzed products such as BADGE·H2O and BADGE·2H2O were present in nine and fourteen samples in the range between 0.06–0.16 and 0.06–0.72 mg/kg, respectively. The total concentration of BADGE and hydrolyzed products was below the specific migration limit (SML) value of 9 mg/kg food, which in the European Union stated as tolerable. Chlorinated derivatives of BADGE were detected in fewer samples compared with hydrolyzed ones. BADGE·H2O·HCl was the predominant migrant among chlorinated derivatives and was present in seven samples in a range between 0.02 and 0.06 mg/kg. All other samples contained less than or equal to 0.03 mg/kg of BADGE·HCl and BADGE·2HCl. The sum of these derivatives was lower than the SML value (1 mg/kg) of BADGE chlorohydrins legislated by the European Union. Besides these migrants, the analyzed samples did not contain any BFDGE and 3R-NOGE, which are prohibited in manufacturing food contact materials.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Balikesir University Scientific Research Projects Unit for providing financial support for the research project 2020–042, entitled “Determination of Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its derivates in canned fish from the Turkish market.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istanbul Food Control Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey

    İsra Toptancı

  2. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey

    Mustafa Kıralan

  3. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26160, Turkey

    Onur Ketenoglu

  4. Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt

    Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan

Authors
  1. İsra Toptancı
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  2. Mustafa Kıralan
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  3. Onur Ketenoglu
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  4. Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
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Contributions

İT: sample preparation and performing analyses. MK: contribution to the design of the work, preparation of the manuscript draft, and interpretation of data. OK: final manuscript check, manuscript formatting, manuscript submission, preparation of the figure, and formatting of the tables. MFR: final manuscript check, contribution to the design of the work, and improving text quality. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Onur Ketenoglu.

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Toptancı, İ., Kıralan, M., Ketenoglu, O. et al. Monitoring of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and some derivatives in fish products in the Turkey market. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 52788–52795 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19587-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19587-z

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