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Evaluating sewage sludge contribution during co-composting using cause-evidence-impact analysis based on morphological characterization

  • Green Energy for Environmental Sustainability
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Abstract

The pertinent challenges associated with effective treatment of fecal sludge in medium scales necessitate alternative means for land application. The methods of compost preparation from sewage sludge and their modes of application to the agricultural fields have profound impacts on the soil ecology and environment. Besides the chemical conditioning effects on soil organic matter, they also impart physical attributes to the soil texture and structure. Though it is expected that compost addition improves water holding capacity and nutrient sequestration, there is lack of clarity in correlating the field outcomes with conditions of excess nutrient storage/leaching despite the agronomic benefits. In this study, we present a systematic cause-evidence-impact relationship on the feedstock composition, processing, and applications of co-composted sewage sludge. Various analytical tools were compared to elucidate the unique characteristics of co-composted sewage sludge to get a realistic understanding of the complex soil-compost interactions. Results from the spectroscopic characterization reveal the implications of selection of bulking agents and sludge pre-treatment in determining the final quality of the compost. Based on the results, we postulate a unique attribution of parent material influence to the formation of well-defined porous structures which influences the nutrient leaching/sequestrating behavior of the soil. Thus, the compounded impacts of composted organic matter on the soil and crop can be proactively determined in terms of elemental composition, functional groups, and stability indices. The present approach provides good scope for customizing the preparations and applications of aerobic microbial composts in order to derive the preferred field outputs.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank their respective institutions for providing the necessary facilities to carry out this research.

Funding

This research was funded by the Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, under Swachh Bharat Mission (ECR/2016/001114/ES).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Smart and Healthy Infrastructure Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Sathyamangalam, 638401, India

    Pandiyan Balaganesh & Mangottiri Vasudevan

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, Pollachi, 642003, India

    Narayanan Natarajan

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  1. Pandiyan Balaganesh
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  2. Mangottiri Vasudevan
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  3. Narayanan Natarajan
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PB contributed in performing experimental study and writing the manuscript; MV contributed in interpretation of the results and writing the manuscript; NN contributed in in interpretation of the results and reviewing the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Balaganesh, P., Vasudevan, M. & Natarajan, N. Evaluating sewage sludge contribution during co-composting using cause-evidence-impact analysis based on morphological characterization. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 51161–51182 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19246-3

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