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Efficacy of ginsenoside Rg3 nanoparticles against Ehrlich solid tumor growth in mice

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Abstract

Solid tumors are fairly common and face many clinical difficulties since they are hardly surgically resectable and broadly do not respond to radiation and chemotherapy. The current study aimed to fabricate ginsenoside Rg3 nanoparticles (Rg3-NPs) and evaluate their antitumor effect against Ehrlich solid tumors (EST) in mice. Rg3-NPs were fabricated using whey protein isolates (WPI), maltodextrin (MD), and gum Arabic (GA). EST was developed by the injection of mice with Ehrlich ascites cells (2.5 × 106). The mice were divided into a control group, EST group, and the EST groups that were treated orally 2 weeks for with normal Rg3 (3 mg/kg b.w.), Rg3-NPs at a low dose (3 mg/kg b.w.), and Rg3-NPs at a high dose (6 mg/kg b.w.). Serum and solid tumors were collected for different assays. The results revealed that synthesized Rg3-NPs showed a spherical shape with an average particle size of 20 nm and zeta potential of -5.58 mV. The in vivo study revealed that EST mice showed a significant increase in AFP, Casp3, TNF-α, MMP-9, VEGF, MDA, and DNA damage accompanied by a significant decrease in SOD and GPx. Treatment with Rg3 or Rg3-NPs decreased the tumor weight and size and induced a significant improvement in all the biochemical parameters. Rg3-NPs were more effective than Rg3, and the improvement was dose-dependent. It could be concluded that fabrication of Rg3-NPs enhanced the protective effect against EST development which may be due to the synergistic effect of Rg3 and MD, GA, and WPI.

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Availability of data and material

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

The codes used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt (the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Food Toxicology & Contaminants, project # 12050305) and the Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Mona A. El-Banna

  2. Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

    Omnia M. Hendawy

  3. Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

    Aziza A. El-Nekeety & Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab

Authors
  1. Mona A. El-Banna
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  2. Omnia M. Hendawy
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  3. Aziza A. El-Nekeety
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  4. Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab
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Contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors MA El-Banna, OM Hendawy, and AA El-Nekeety carried out the experimental work, managed the literature searches, and shared in writing the first draft of the manuscript. Authors MA Abdel-Wahhab and MA El-Banna wrote the protocol, managed the project, managed the analyses of the study, performed the statistical analysis, and wrote the final draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab.

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Ethics approval

The protocol of the current study was approved by the ethics Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt (approval # 12050305/2019).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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El-Banna, M.A., Hendawy, O.M., El-Nekeety, A.A. et al. Efficacy of ginsenoside Rg3 nanoparticles against Ehrlich solid tumor growth in mice. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 43814–43825 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19019-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19019-y

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