Abstract
In this paper, Pd-Sn modified Ru-Ir electrode was prepared by thermal oxidation method, and the effects of doping amount of Pd-Sn and synthesis conditions on Pd-Sn modified Ru-Ir electrode performance were studied. Linear sweep voltammetry(LSV), cyclic voltammetry(CV), and the Tafel curve were used to study the electrochemical performance of the Pd-Sn modified Ru-Ir electrode materials. The effects of the doping amount of Pd-Sn on the microstructure and valence states of Pd-Sn modified Ru-Ir electrode materials were investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS. When the mass of Pd-Sn accounted for 1.5% of the total mass of the elements, the molar ratio of Ru-Ir was 2:1, and the molar ratio of Pd-Sn was 3:1; the LSV, CV, and the Tafel curves indicated that Pd-Sn modified Ru-Ir electrode had the lowest chlorine evolution potential (1.0640 V vs. SCE), the best CV curve coincidence, and the smallest corrosion current density (6.5 × 10−4 A/cm2), showing the best chlorine evolution performance, the best durability, and corrosion resistance; the characterization of SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS showed that Pd-Sn was successfully doped into Ru-Ir electrode materials; the crystallinity of Pd-Sn modified Ru-Ir electrode was the highest, and the binding energy was the lowest, but the crystal form of Ru-Ir solid solution did not have changed. The optimal synthesis conditions of Pd-Sn modified Ru-Ir electrode material were as follows: Pd-Sn molar ratio was 3:1, calcination temperature was 500 ℃, calcination time was 4 h, and water was used as solvent. Pd-Sn modified Ru-Ir electrode can efficiently treat high chlorine ammonia–nitrogen wastewater, when the reaction volume was 200 mL, the initial concentration of NH3-N was 100 mg/L, the concentration of chloride ion was 5000 mg/L, the current was 0.75 A, and the reaction time was 40 min; the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen can reach 100%.
Responsible editor: Weiming Zhang.
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This study is supported by the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum (Beijing) (serial number: 2462020XKJS04).
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Zhen-xing Yang proposed the idea of this research and wrote and discussed the results with all co-authors. Jie Shang was responsible for measuring relevant experimental data, for instance, the chlorine-evolution potential, and removal rate of NH3-N. Guang-xu Yan organized this article. Yu-xian Wang corrected language specifications and checked the experimental data. Shao-hui Guo got the equipment and chemical compounds to carry out experiments. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
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Yang, Zx., Shang, J., Yan, Gx. et al. Preparation and evaluation of Pd-Sn modified Ru-Ir electrode for denitrification of high chlorine ammonia–nitrogen wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 15337–15346 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18535-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18535-1