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Extraction and characterization of chitin, chitosan, and protein hydrolysate from the invasive Pacific blue crab, Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) having potential biological activities

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Abstract

The diversity of marine biomasses is a set of exploitable and renewable resources with application in several sectors. In this context, a co-culture based on three protease-producing bacterial isolates, namely Aeribacillus pallidus VP3, Lysinibacillus fusiformis C250R, and Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis M1V strains, was carried out in a medium based on the blue swimming crab Portunus segnis bio-waste. Proteases production was optimized using a central composite design (CCD). The highest level of proteases production obtained was 8,809 U/mL in a medium comprising 75 g/L of Portunus segnis by-product powder (Pspp). The biological value of Pspp and its obtained derivatives were evidenced via accredited protocols. The recovered protein hydrolysate (PHyd) was found to be active towards radical scavenging power and against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The blue crab chitin (BC) extraction efficiency was achieved with a yield of 32%. Afterwards, chitosan was prepared through chitin N-deacetylation with a yield of 52%, leading to an acetylation degree (AD) of 19% and solubility of 90%. In addition, chitosan is found to be active against the growth of all pathogenic bacteria tested.

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Acknowledgements

This work is dedicated to the memory of our best colleague Dr. Merzouk Yahiaoui (Faculty of Sciences, University of M’Sila, Algeria). The authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. S. Sadok (B3Aqua, INSTM) for her scientific contribution and providing the analytical facility and the technical analytical group for their assistance with the accreditation parameters analysis. The authors are greatly indebted to Mr. I. Hssairi, Mr. A. Zitoun, and Mr. F. Boukhili (DPBRR-CBS, code US19CBS02) and Miss. I. Afdhal and Miss. M. Neifar (LMBEE-CBS) for their help in the determination of biological activities assays. The authors would also like to thank Mrs. L. Jlaiel and Mr. K. Walha (Analysis Unit-CBS) for their technical help with the HPLC analysis. The authors also want to express their sincere gratitude to Mr. N. Baccar (LBPE-CBS, code LR15CBS01) for his help with the FTIR analysis, Pr. M. Chamkha (LBPE, CBS) for the gift of the C250R and VP3 strains, and Pr. A. Bouanane-Darenfed and Dr. K. Bouacem (LBCM, FSB-USTHB) for the gift of M1V strain. Special thanks are also due to Miss Lauren Wargo, a native speaker (USA) and Professors of English language expert from the International Academy of Sfax (IAS, Sfax, Tunisia) for her constructive proofreading and language polishing services.

Funding

This study was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS) in Tunisia under the framework of the Contract Programs LBMIE-CBS, code grant no.: LR15CBS06 (2015–2018) and LMBEB-CBS, code grant no.: LR19CBS01 (2019–2022), the Multilateral Project Partenariats Hubert Curien (PHC)-Maghreb 2020 Program (FranMaghZYM 2020–2023, code Campus France: 43791TM & code PHC: 01MAG20), and the Algerian-Tunisian RDP Cooperation Program 2021–2024 (AliPoiAgro, code PRD/TN/DZ/21/13).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Enzymatiques et Biomolécules (LBMEB), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour Km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia

    Fadoua Jabeur, Sondes Mechri, Ines Gharbi, Yosri Ben Naser, Mouna Kriaa & Bassem Jaouadi

  2. Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Bleues et de Bioproduits Aquatiques (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Annexe La Goulette Port de Pêche, 2060, La Goulette, Tunisia

    Fethi Mensi, Nejla Bejaoui & Saloua Sadok

  3. Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT), Université de Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis Maharajène, Tunisia

    Nejla Bejaoui

  4. Centre National de Recherche et de Développement de la Pêche et de l’Aquaculture (CNRPDA), 11 Boulevard Colonel Amirouche, BP 67, 42415, Bou Ismaïl, Tipaza, Algeria

    Samir Bachouche, Abdelmalek Badis & Mostapha Djellali

  5. Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et de BioMolécules (LCSN-BioM), Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, Université de Blida 1, Université de Blida 1, Route de Soumâa, BP 270, 09000, Blida, Algeria

    Abdelmalek Badis & Rachid Annane

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  1. Fadoua Jabeur
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  2. Sondes Mechri
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Contributions

F.J. carried out the experiment. F.J. and S.M. wrote the manuscript with support from B.J., N.B. and S.S. Y.B.N., M.K., I.G., F.M., S.B., A.B., R.A, and M.J. aided in interpreting the results and worked on the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Bassem Jaouadi.

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Highlights

• A co-culture of 3 protease-producing bacterial isolates was carried on Portunus segnis by-products.

• The central composite design was used to optimize proteases production.

• The production of chitin and chitosan using eco-friendly methods was successful.

• The biological potentials for the recovered protein hydrolysate were very promising.

• The co-culture has proven its potential for biotechnological cleaner application.

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Jabeur, F., Mechri, S., Mensi, F. et al. Extraction and characterization of chitin, chitosan, and protein hydrolysate from the invasive Pacific blue crab, Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) having potential biological activities. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 36023–36039 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18398-y

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