Abstract
Coal tar industry has been reported to discharge 2-methylpyridine (2Mp) in concentrations up to 150 mg L−1. For removal of 2Mp, activated carbon was synthesized from blackboard tree ground bark (BA) by the novel technique of prior cooling (which helped decrease heat generation and volatile gas emission). The material was successfully functionalized with carboxylic group which enhanced 2Mp uptake. Batch sorption of 2Mp was carried out on both BA and carboxyl functionalized BA (CFA). Acetonitrile–water (55:45) was used as eluent in uHPLC quantification of 2Mp. Interaction mechanism of 2Mp with both sorbents was studied by using characterization techniques (SEM, FTIR and EDS). Carboxyl groups present on CFA were found to interact with 2Mp molecules, leading to their removal from synthetic solution. Carboxylation helped in lowering the intrinsic moisture content of the sorbent. Proton leaching from carboxyl groups of CFA was found to be negligible. Specific surface areas for CFA and BA were found as 211.15 m2 g−1 and 156.32 m2 g−1, respectively. Batch experimentation showed that CFA had twice the adsorption capacity compared to BA (27.0 and 15.5 mg g−1, respectively). Pseudo–second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm–based equilibria were observed. Intraparticle diffusion was the rate-limiting step. Top-down fixed bed studies were performed using a 2-cm-diameter column by varying flow rate, bed depth and 2Mp concentration, respectively. The Thomas model could successfully emulate the steep slopes of the breakthrough curves, implying good sorbent saturation.
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The authors would like to thank MHRD, India, for providing the parent institution with necessary support for carrying out conducive research.
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Material preparation, experimentation and data analysis were performed by Rajat Chatterjee under the guidance of Chanchal Majumder. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Rajat Chatterjee. Supervision of the study and professional input were provided by Chanchal Majumder. Reviewing and editing of subsequent drafts/revisions was performed by both the authors. Both the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Chatterjee, R., Majumder, C. Low-temperature synthesis of functionalized activated carbon from blackboard (Alstonia scholaris) with improved selectivity for 2-methylpyridine removal: batch and column analyses. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 28031–28049 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18377-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18377-3