Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus stratification is crucial for ecosystem dynamics in deep lakes and reservoirs. It is critical for water quality management to understand the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus stratification and its driving forces. In this study, high-frequency total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from January 2017 to October 2019 were estimated using the datasets of high-frequency buoy parameters, including water temperature, pH, chlorophyll-a, oxidation–reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter. The results revealed that both nitrogen and phosphorus in water column were periodically stratified. Specifically, the stratification of nitrogen and phosphorus occurred from April to December or January of the following year. Moreover, indices of TN stratification (IC-TN) and TP stratification (IC-TP) were − 0.29 ~ 0.05 and − 0.78 ~ 0.28, respectively. Significant (P < 0.01) positive correlations were observed between RWCS (an index of thermal stability) and IC-TN (or IC-TP), indicating thermal stratification may be the main driving force of nutrient stratification at inter-month scales. Further analysis indicated that the thermal stratification may affect nitrogen and phosphorus stratification though (1) influencing algal growth and (2) affecting the release of internal sources and the material exchange between water columns. Furthermore, precipitation is also suggested as an important factor affecting the stability of nitrogen and phosphorus vertical profile in the flood season. These findings may provide important information for optimizing water quality management efforts in Qiandaohu and other subtropical deep reservoirs. In addition, the knowledge of the effect of temperature and precipitation on nutrient stratification are essential to understand future ecosystem dynamics of deep reservoirs.
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Data availability
The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This study was jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 41830757, 42077161), the Field Station Association project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-SW-YW036), and the bidding project of Hangzhou Bureau of Ecology and Environment Chun’an Branch (CAZFCGGK2020-1).
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The first draft of the manuscript was written by Cunli Li. Wei Zou and Ping Zhang revised the manuscript. Guangwei Zhu made key changes to important academic content and was responsible for the final revision. Material preparation was performed by Mengyuan Zhu and Hai Xu. Analysis was performed by Cuiling Jiang and Wei Zou. And data collection were performed by Chao Chen,Yucheng Wang, Pengcheng Shi, and Qing Zheng. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript.
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Li, C., Zhang, P., Zhu, G. et al. Dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus profile and its driving forces in a subtropical deep reservoir. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 27738–27748 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17877-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17877-6