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Landfill soil leachates from Nigeria and India induced DNA damage and alterations in genes associated with apoptosis in Jurkat cell

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Abstract

Landfill soil leachates, containing myriad of xenobiotics, increase genotoxic and cytotoxic stress–induced cell death. However, the underlying mechanism involved in the elimination of the damaged cells is yet to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the apoptotic processes induced in lymphoma (Jurkat) cells by landfill soil leachates from Olusosun (OSL, Nigeria) and Nagpur (NPL, India). Jurkat was incubated with sub-lethal concentrations of OSL and NPL for 24 h and analyzed for DNA fragmentation and apoptosis using agarose gel electrophoresis and Hoechst 33258–PI staining, respectively. Complementary DNA expression profiling of some pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes regulating apoptosis was also analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) method. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed DNA fragmentations in OSL and NPL–treated cells. Hoecsht-33258 – Propidium Iodide (PI) based apoptotic analysis confirmed apoptotic cell death in exposed Jurkat. RT-PCR analysis revealed different fold changes in the pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in OSL and NPL–treated Jurkat. There was significant increase in fold change of the up-regulated genes; apoptosis inducing factor mitochondrion-associated 2 (AIFM2), Fas-associated death domain (FADD), Caspase-2, Caspase-6, BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID), tumor suppressor (p53), and BCL2 associated agonist of cell death (BAD) and down-regulation of apoptosis inhibitor 5 (API5). Results suggest that OSL and NPL elicited genotoxic stress–related apoptosis in Jurkat. The dysregulation in the expression of genes involved in apoptotic processes in wildlife and human exposed to landfill emissions may increase aetiology of various pathological diseases including cancer.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge The Academy of Science for the Developing World (TWAS) (FR number: 3240275568) for the Research and Advanced Training Fellowship Grant awarded to CGA for postdoctoral research in Environmental Health Division, CSIR-NEERI, India. We thank Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for providing laboratory facilities.

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The authors declare that this study did not receive any funding from funding agencies and authors’ Institutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Chibuisi G. Alimba

  2. Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany

    Chibuisi G. Alimba

  3. Environmental Biotechnology and Genomic Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India

    Ashwinkumar P. Rudrashetti

  4. Health and Toxicity Cell (HTC), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India

    Saravanadevi Sivanesan & Kannan Krishnamurthi

  5. Academy of Scientific, Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., India

    Saravanadevi Sivanesan & Kannan Krishnamurthi

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CGA and KK conceived the study concept. CGA and APR carried out the laboratory analysis. SS and KK supervised the study. CGA wrote the manuscript draft. CGA, APR, SS and KK read, corrected and approved the final manuscript.

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Alimba, C.G., Rudrashetti, A.P., Sivanesan, S. et al. Landfill soil leachates from Nigeria and India induced DNA damage and alterations in genes associated with apoptosis in Jurkat cell. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 5256–5268 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15985-x

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