Abstract
The spatiotemporal distribution and characterization of aerosol optical properties in the north of Vietnam were investigated extensively using the long-term measurements obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (from 2010 to 2019) and two Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) stations (Nghia Do, Hanoi City, from 2010 to 2019 and Son La from 2012 to 2019) located in fast-developing urban areas. This study also analyzed the tendency of AOD over different wavelengths as well as the influences of meteorological parameters and boundary layer height (BLH) on AOD and Ångström exponent (AE). The annual mean AOD500 at Nghia Do and Son La stations were 0.81 and 0.78, respectively. Our results revealed the existence of particles emitted from anthropogenic activities in Hanoi and Son La with the dominance of fine particles (more than 90% of the AE440–870 were larger than 1). Besides, a high percentage of AE440–870 larger than or approximately 1.5 during the dry and transition months in Son La indicated the existence of biomass-burning aerosol particles due to forest fires and burning of agriculture residuals. The classification results for aerosol types showed the presence of both biomass burning and urban/industrial aerosol types at Nghia Do and Son La sites. Among the investigated meteorological parameters, surface solar radiation expressed a significant correlation with AE440–870 in all three seasons at the two sites due to the secondary formation of fine particles induced by the high solar radiation condition. The impacts of meteorological parameters and BLH on AOD were not observed simultaneously during three seasons at Nghia Do and Son La stations.
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Acknowledgements
Level 2 MODIS data were provided by Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The authors would like to thank the AERONET federation, AERONET scientific team, and Principal Investigator Dr. N.X. Anh at Institute of Geophysics, Vietnam, for the AERONET data for Nghia Do and Son La stations.
Funding
This research is funded by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under the grant number 105.08-2017.301. The authors would like to thank the NAFOSTED for providing the financial support for this research.
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Bui Thi Hieu and Nguyen Duc Luong designed and wrote the manuscript and processed and analyzed data. Nguyen Hoang Hiep contributed to data processing and analysis and preparation of figures. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Bui, T.H., Nguyen, D.L. & Nguyen, H.H. Study of aerosol optical properties at two urban areas in the north of Vietnam with the implication for biomass burning impacts. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 41923–41940 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15608-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15608-5