Abstract
Adıyaman, a city recently affected by an earthquake, is facing significant air pollution challenges due to both anthropogenic activities and natural events. The sources of air pollution have been investigated using meteorological variables. Elevated southerly winds, especially prominent in spring and autumn, significantly contribute to dust transport, leading to a decline in local air quality as detected by the HYSPLIT model. Furthermore, using Suomi-NPP Thermal Anomaly satellite product, it is detected and analyzed for crop burning activities. Agricultural practices, including stubble burning, contribute to the exacerbation of PM10 pollution during the summer months, particularly when coupled with winds from all directions except the north. In fall and winter months, heating is identified as the primary cause of pollution. The city center located north of the station is the dominant source of pollution throughout all seasons. The study established the connection between air pollutants and meteorological variables. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation coefficients reveal associations between PM10 and SO2, indicating moderate positive correlations under pressure conditions (r = 0.35, 0.52). Conversely, a negative correlation is observed with windspeed (r = -0.35, -0.50), and temperature also exhibits a negative correlation (r = -0.39, -0.54). During atmospheric conditions with high pressure, PM10 and SO2 concentrations are respectively 41.2% and 117.2% higher. Furthermore, pollutant concentration levels are 29.2% and 53.3% higher on days with low winds. Last, practical strategies for mitigating air pollution have been thoroughly discussed and proposed. It is imperative that decision-makers engaged in city planning and renovation give careful consideration to the profound impact of air pollution on both public health and the environment, particularly in the aftermath of a recent major earthquake.
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Data availability
The data used in this study are available from the following sources:
HYSPLIT data can be accessed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website: https://www.ready.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php. These data were utilized to analyze atmospheric dispersion patterns and trajectories.
Air pollutants data can be gathered from the website of the General Directorate of Environmental Management of the Republic of Türkiye: https://www.havaizleme.gov.tr. These data were employed to assess the levels and distribution of air pollutants.
Meteorological data utilized in this study were licensed to us by the Turkish State Meteorological Service. As such, the meteorological data cannot be shared openly or accessed directly from a public source.
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Acknowledgements
The authors extend their heartfelt appreciation to the Turkish State Meteorological Service for their generous provision of essential meteorological data. Gratitude is also expressed to the Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation, and Climate Change for their invaluable contribution of pollutant observation data. Special thanks are extended to Thanks to Abdulgani Adıyaman, Deputy Director of the Branch Responsible for Environmental Management and Inspection, for their support and collaboration, which greatly enriched this study. Additionally, the authors sincerely acknowledge and thank the reviewers for their constructive feedback, contributing significantly to the enhancement of the study's significance and quality.
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Yiğitalp KARA contributed to the study design, data analysis, interpretation of results, and co-wrote the manuscript, Sena Ecem YAKUT ŞEVİK contributed to data collection, literature review, interpretation of results, and participated in manuscript writing and editing, while Hüseyin TOROS provided guidance, supervision, expertise, and valuable feedback throughout the research process as the supervisor.
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Kara, Y., Şevik, S.E.Y. & Toros, H. Comprehensive analysis of air pollution and the influence of meteorological factors: a case study of adiyaman province. Environ Monit Assess 196, 525 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12649-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12649-4