Abstract
This study assessed the capacity of leaf litters to adsorb copper ions applied as a copper-based pesticide. Leaf litters of two fruit tree species with different lignin/N ratios were examined to determine their protective role against the incorporation of Cu into soil. A leaf litter Cu-adsorption capacity assay and a degradation assay were performed using table grape (lignin/N = 2.35) and kiwi (lignin/N = 10.85) leaf litters. Table grape leaf litter had a significantly (p = 0.001) higher Cu-adsorption capacity (15,800 mg kg−1) than kiwi leaf litter (14,283 mg kg−1). Following leaf litter degradation, significant differences (p = 0.011) were observed in the release of Cu from Cu-enriched leaf litter into soil, showing that kiwi litter has a greater protective effect against the incorporation of Cu into soil, regardless of the amount of Cu applied. This protective role is reflected in a significantly higher (p = 0.015) Cu concentration in table grape soil (41.71 ± 2.14 mg kg−1) than in kiwi soil (35.87 ± 0.69 mg kg−1). Therefore, leaf litter with higher lignin/N ratio has greater protective role against copper incorporation into soil.
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Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) for the opportunity to carry out this research.
Funding
Financial support was obtained from ANID Doctoral Grant (21160236/2016), Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) by ANID PIA/BASAL FB0002 and Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, PUC.
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J. Tomás Schoffer: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, writing—original draft. Mónica Antilén: writing—review and editing, formal analysis. Alexander Neaman: conceptualization, writing—review and editing, supervision. María Francisca Díaz: investigation. Luz María de la Fuente: investigation. Cristian Urdiales: formal analysis. Rosanna Ginocchio: writing—review and editing, supervision
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Schoffer, J.T., Antilén, M., Neaman, A. et al. The role of leaf litter as a protective barrier for copper-containing pesticides in orchard soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 60913–60922 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15035-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15035-6