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Copper availability assessment of Cu-contaminated vineyard soils using black oat cultivation and chemical extractants

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Abstract

Grapevines grown on acid soils with low fertility in southern Brazil are treated with intense foliar applications of copper (Cu) fungicides, resulting in an increased level of Cu in the soil and increased toxicity. The present study evaluated the accumulation and bioavailability of Cu, and soils with varying levels of Cu from the main producing regions of southern Brazil were collected. The forms of Cu present in the soil were assessed using chemical extractants; additionally, oat cultivation was performed, reflecting the use of the plant as an indicator of Cu bioavailability. Cu accumulated in the topsoil, mainly in bioavailable forms, and there was also an increase of Cu up to a depth of 0.4 m. Cu was primarily found in the mineral fraction, with apparent saturation of the soil organic matter functional groups. Inceptisol and Alfisol soils with a long history of cupric fungicide application were found to have levels of Cu toxic to oat plants. Furthermore, accumulated copper in Alfisol soil from the Campanha Gaúcha region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul had higher bioavailability compared to Cu accumulated in Inceptisol soil from the Serra Gaúcha region. In addition, the copper concentration in roots was found to serve as an indicator of Cu bioavailability in soil, but not of copper phytotoxicity in plants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Câmpus Ibirubá, Rua Profª Nelsi Ribas Fritsch, no. 1111, Bairro Esperança, 98200-000, Ibirubá, RS, Caixa Postal 121, Brazil

    Eduardo Girotto

  2. Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Carlos A. Ceretta, Gustavo Brunetto, Alcione Miotto, Tadeu L. Tiecher, Lessandro De Conti, Cledimar R. Lourenzi, Felipe Lorensini, Paulo I. Gubiani & Leandro S. da Silva

  3. Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Fernando T. Nicoloso

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  1. Eduardo Girotto
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  2. Carlos A. Ceretta
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  3. Gustavo Brunetto
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Correspondence to Eduardo Girotto.

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Girotto, E., Ceretta, C.A., Brunetto, G. et al. Copper availability assessment of Cu-contaminated vineyard soils using black oat cultivation and chemical extractants. Environ Monit Assess 186, 9051–9063 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4065-2

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