Abstract
Pyrolysis is an encouraging solution considering the facts of energy demand and waste plastic management as it produces liquid fuel for compression ignition engine application. This study provides critical insights into the effects of waste plastic oil on the emission and performance characteristics of compression ignition engines. Though most of the studies have shown a negative influence, promising outcomes have been noticed in a few specific cases. A maximum of 71%, 80%, 76%, 71%, 21%, and 13% decrease in nitrogen oxide emission, carbon monoxide emission, unburnt hydrocarbon emission, smoke emission, exhaust gas temperature, and brake-specific fuel consumption, respectively, have been noticed with waste plastic oil or its blends at certain operating conditions. Nevertheless, the presence of long carbon chains, higher aromatic content, and non-homogeneous air-fuel mixture owing to the wide product distribution in plastic oil are the few reasons which affected the emission and performance characteristics of the engines. More rigorous investigations are needed to improve the quality of the fuel and to establish correlations between the fuel properties and pyrolysis parameters. In addition, the effects of incorporating exhaust gas recirculation, emulsification process, and use of additives with waste plastic oil need to be explored more for reducing the emissions with satisfactory engine performance, and in this regard, the use of bio-additives with waste plastic oil can provide a new direction to this research field. Further, studies on the economic feasibility and the impact of waste plastic oil on engine materials are also required.
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Abbreviations
- BSFC:
-
Brake-specific fuel consumption
- CI:
-
Compression ignition
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- CV:
-
Calorific value
- DEE:
-
Diethyl ether
- EGR:
-
Exhaust gas recirculation
- EGT:
-
Exhaust gas temperature
- HC:
-
Unburnt hydrocarbon
- HDPE:
-
High-density polyethylene
- HRR:
-
Heat release rate
- ID:
-
Ignition delay
- LDPE:
-
Low-density polyethylene
- MP:
-
Mixed plastic
- MPW:
-
Medical plastic waste
- MSW:
-
Municipal solid plastic waste
- NOx :
-
Oxides of nitrogen
- PE:
-
Polyethylene
- WPO:
-
Waste plastic oil
- TiO2 :
-
Titanium oxide
- P2.5:
-
2.5% MP-derived oil + 97.5% diesel
- P7.5:
-
7.5% MP-derived oil + 92.5% diesel
- P12.5:
-
12.5% MP-derived oil + 87.5% diesel
- P100:
-
100% MP-derived oil
- B20:
-
20% PE-derived oil + 80% diesel
- D50WPO40B10:
-
50% diesel + 40% WPO derived from MSW+ 10% n-butanol
- D50WPO30B20:
-
50% diesel + 30% WPO derived from MSW + 20% n-butanol
- D50WPO20B30:
-
50% diesel + 20% WPO derived from MSW + 30% n-butanol
- WPOEGR10%:
-
100% MSW-derived oil with EGR (10%)
- WPOEGR20%:
-
100% MSW-derived oil with EGR (20%)
- WPOEGR30%:
-
100% MSW-derived oil with EGR (30%)
- WPO70P30 EGR10%:
-
70% MSW-derived + 30% n-pentanol oil with EGR (10%)
- WPO70P30 EGR20%:
-
70% MSW-derived + 30% n-pentanol oil with EGR (20%)
- WPO70P30 EGR30%:
-
70% MSW-derived + 30% n-pentanol oil with EGR (30%)
- WPPO:
-
100% WPO derived from MP
- WD05:
-
95% WPPO + 5% DEE
- WD10:
-
90% WPPO + 10% DEE
- PO:
-
Plastic oil derived from HDPE
- PO25:
-
25% PO + 75% diesel
- PO50:
-
50% PO + 50% diesel
- PO75:
-
75% PO + 25% diesel
- PD5:
-
5% DEE + 95% PO
- PD10:
-
10% DEE + 90% PO
- PD15:
-
15% DEE + 85% PO
- PPO:
-
Plastic pyrolyzed oil from MP
- PPO25:
-
25% PPO + 75% diesel
- PPO50:
-
50% PPO + 50% diesel
- PPO75:
-
75% PPO + 25% diesel
- PPO90:
-
90% PPO + 10% diesel
- PPO100:
-
100% PPO
- LDPE700:
-
LDPE-derived oil at 700°C
- PPO700:
-
Plastic pyrolyzed oil from MP (at 700°C)
- PPO700-75:
-
75% PPO700 + 25% diesel
- PPO900:
-
Plastic pyrolyzed oil from MP (at 900°C)
- PPO900-75:
-
75% PPO900 + 25% diesel
- PW10:
-
10% water + 90% WPO derived from MP
- PW20:
-
20% water + 80% WPO derived from MP
- PW30:
-
30% water + 70% WPO derived from MP
- WPF10D90:
-
10% WPO (from MP) + 90% diesel
- WPF20D80:
-
20% WPO (from MP) + 80% diesel
- WPF30D70:
-
30% WPO (from MP) + 70% diesel
- WPF100:
-
100% WPO (from MP)
- 10%BWPO:
-
10% WPO derived from HDPE + 90% diesel
- 20%BWPO:
-
20% WPO derived from HDPE + 80% diesel
- 30%BWPO:
-
30% WPO derived from HDPE + 70% diesel
- 40%BWPO:
-
40% WPO derived from HDPE + 60% diesel
- WPO10%EGR:
-
WPO with application of EGR (10%)
- WPO20%EGR:
-
WPO with application of EGR (20%)
- WPO10:
-
10% WPO + 90% diesel
- WPO30:
-
30% WPO + 70% diesel
- WPO50:
-
50% WPO + 50% diesel
- WPO70:
-
70% WPO + 30% diesel
- PF10:
-
10% WPO (from MP) + 90% diesel
- PF20:
-
20% WPO (from MP) + 80% diesel
- PF30:
-
30% WPO (from MP) + 70% diesel
- 10%BWPO:
-
10% WPO derived from PP + 90% diesel
- 20%BWPO:
-
20% WPO derived from PP + 80% diesel
- 30%BWPO:
-
30% WPO derived from PP + 70% diesel
- 40%BWPO:
-
40% WPO derived from PP + 60% diesel
- 50%BWPO:
-
50% WPO derived from PP + 50% diesel
- B20AOME10WPO:
-
10 % WPO (from MP) + 90 % B20 algae biodiesel
- PJ10:
-
10% jatropha methyl ester + 90% WPO (from MP)
- PJ20:
-
20% jatropha methyl ester + 80% WPO (from MP)
- PE10%:
-
10% LDPE-derived oil + 90% diesel
- 10WPO:
-
10% WPO (from MPW) + 90% diesel
- 20WPO:
-
20% WPO (from MPW) + 80% diesel
- 30WPO:
-
30% WPO (from MPW) + 70% diesel
- PP700:
-
Plastic pyrolyzed oil from PP (at 700°C)
- PP700-75:
-
75% PP700 + 25% diesel
- PP900:
-
Plastic pyrolyzed oil from PP (at 900°C)
- PP900-75:
-
75% PP900 + 25% diesel
- PPO (LDPE):
-
Plastic pyrolytic oil derived from LDPE
- D80PO20:
-
80% diesel + 20% PPO (LDPE)
- D70B20P10:
-
70% diesel + 20% biodiesel + 10% WPO
- D60B20P20:
-
60% diesel + 20% biodiesel + 20% WPO
- ULDP:
-
Used low-density derived polyethylene
- ULDP20:
-
80% diesel + 20% ULDP
- ULDP40:
-
60% diesel + 40% ULDP
- ULDP60:
-
60% diesel + 60% ULDP
- ULDP80:
-
20% diesel + 80% ULDP
- 5PPO:
-
5% PP-derived oil + 95% diesel
- 10PPO:
-
10% PP-derived oil + 90% diesel
- 15PPO:
-
15% PP-derived oil + 85% diesel
- 50%HDPE:
-
50% HDPE oil + 50% diesel
- PPO (PE):
-
WPO derived from PE
- PPO (PE) + 25 ppm TiO2 :
-
25 ppm added with PPO (PE)
- PPO (PE) + 50 ppm TiO2 :
-
50 ppm added with PPO (PE)
- PPO (PE) + 75 ppm TiO2 :
-
75 ppm added with PPO (PE)
- PPO (PE) + 100 ppm TiO2 :
-
100 ppm added with PPO (PE)
- PO15%:
-
85% diesel + 15% WPO derived from mixture of LDPE and HDPE
- PO30%:
-
85% diesel + 30% WPO derived from mixture of LDPE and HDPE
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Saha, D., Sinha, A. & Roy, B. Critical insights into the effects of plastic pyrolysis oil on emission and performance characteristics of CI engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 44598–44621 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14919-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14919-x