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Environmental friendly extraction of walnut bark-based juglone natural colorant for dyeing studies of wool fabric

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Abstract

Environmental friendly products particularly natural dyes are going to be much popular around the globe due to their non-toxic and bio-degradable nature. The current study was planned to enhance the dyeability of walnut bark having juglone as a reddish-brown natural dye under ultrasonic radiation as an environment-friendly and green tool After conducting series of experiments, it has been found that wool (RW) and extract (RE) after ultrasonic treatment for 45 min, when dyed for 45 min at 55°C using an acidic bath of 3 pH has given good color strength on the wool fabric. To develop the new shades, sustainable and eco-label chemicals (Fe, Al, and tannic acid) and four bio-mordants such as Acacia bark, Turmeric, Henna, and Pomegranate were also applied at optimum conditions. It is studied that 3% of turmeric extract as pre-bio-mordant and 5% of Acacia extract as post-bio-mordant has given excellent color characteristics as compared to their synthetic. It is concluded that ultrasonic treatment being an eco-friendly tool has a great potential to improve the dyeability of natural reddish-brown dye from walnut bark and the inclusion of sustainable biosources as a color modifier has value-added the natural dyeing process with excellent color ratings.

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Data availability

The data is present and is available, as well as all dyed samples are also present.

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Acknowledgments

The work is part of PhD studies. We are highly thankful to Mr. Muhammad Abbas, Director Harris Dyes and Chemical, Faisalabad, and Mr. ZafarIqbal Manager R & D Noor Fatima Fabrics, Faisalabad, Pakistan, for providing us technical guidance to conduct this study at the industrial lab scale.

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This work has not been funding by the project of any organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Waseem-ul- Arifeen, Fazal-Ur- Rehman & Mirza Nadeem Ahmad

  2. Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Shahid Adeel

  3. Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zuber

  4. Department of Statistics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Tanvir Ahmad

Authors
  1. Waseem-ul- Arifeen
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  2. Fazal-Ur- Rehman
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  3. Shahid Adeel
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  4. Muhammad Zuber
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  5. Mirza Nadeem Ahmad
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  6. Tanvir Ahmad
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Contributions

Mr. Waseem-ul-Arifeen is a PhD student who has performed the work, whereas Dr. Fazal-ur-Rehman and Dr. Shahid Adeel have supervised the work. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Zuber and Dr. MirzaNadeem Ahmad have coordinated in conducting the work technically and scientifically under proper guidance with visual analysis of the data, and Dr. Tanvir Ahmad has seen the work statistically for observing the work. The authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fazal-Ur- Rehman.

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All the authors have no conflict of interest over this work. The research work has not been funded by anybody. This work is part of PhD studies, where a complete set of experiments have been presented.

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Arifeen, Wu., Rehman, FU., Adeel, S. et al. Environmental friendly extraction of walnut bark-based juglone natural colorant for dyeing studies of wool fabric. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 49958–49966 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14277-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14277-8

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