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Deconstruction of annoyance due to air pollution by multiple correspondence analyses

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Abstract

Annoyance caused by air pollution is a matter of public health as it can cause stress and ill-health and affect quality of life, among other burdens. The aim of this study is to apply the multiple correspondence analyses (MCA) technique as a differential tooling to explore relationships between variables that can influence peoples’ behaviour concerning annoyance caused by air pollution. Data were collected through a survey on air pollution, environmental issues and quality of life. Face-to-face survey studies were conducted in two industrialized urban areas (Vitoria in Brazil and Dunkirk in France). These two regions were chosen as their inhabitants often report feeling annoyed by air pollution, and both regions have similar industrial characteristics. The results showed a progressive correspondence between levels of annoyance and other active variables in the “air pollution” factor group: as the levels of annoyance increased, the levels of the other qualitative variables (importance of air quality, perceived exposure to industrial risk, assessment of air quality, perceived air pollution) also increased. Respondents who reported feeling annoyed by air pollution also thought that air quality was very important and were very concerned about exposure to industrial risks. Furthermore, they often assessed air quality as horrible, and they could frequently perceive air pollution by dust, odours and decreased visibility. The results also showed a statistically significant association between occurrence of allergies and high levels of annoyance.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of two Brazilian research funding agencies: FAPES (The Research Funding Agency in the State of Espirito Santo) and CAPES (The Federal Funding Agency for the Development of Higher Education). They would also like to acknowledge COFECUB, Irénée Zwarterook and a research group studying industrial risk and the urban environment in the TVES laboratory, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale in France. Finally, we thank Vinicius de Martin (UFES’ PhD student) for helping with graphical design.

Funding

These authors are indebted to CentraleSupélec and Université Paris-Sud for their financial supports. This research was also partially supported by the iCODE Institute, research project of the IDEX Paris-Saclay, and by the Hadamard Mathematics LabEx (LMH) through the grant number ANR-11-LABX-0056-LMH in the Programme des Investissements d’Avenir.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, Guarapari, Brazil

    Milena Machado

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil

    Jane Meri Santos & Neyval Costa Reis Jr

  3. Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Maison de la Recherche em Science de l´Homme, Dunkerque, France

    Severine Frere & Phillipe Chagnon

  4. Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil

    Valdério Anselmo Reisen

  5. Laboratoire des Signaux et Systems, CNRS-Centrale Supélec-Université Paris-Sud, Gif sur Yvette, France

    Pascal Bondon

  6. University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

    Márton Ispány

  7. School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patra, Greece

    Ilias Mavroidis

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  1. Milena Machado
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  2. Jane Meri Santos
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  3. Severine Frere
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Contributions

This study is continuation/part from the research developed in the PhD thesis of the first author (MM) under the supervision of the authors JS and VR who made the necessary corrections. All authors declare to have contributed equally by reading and improving the analyses and the text.

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Correspondence to Milena Machado.

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The ethics committee that approved this study was from the University Federal of Espírito Santo with the 142.581 committee’s reference number.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Machado, M., Santos, J.M., Frere, S. et al. Deconstruction of annoyance due to air pollution by multiple correspondence analyses. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 47904–47920 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13958-8

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