Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Treatment of cardboard factory wastewater using ozone-assisted electrocoagulation process: optimization through response surface methodology

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cardboard factory wastewater is usually known by high chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, phenols, lignin, and its derivatives, and usual treatment techniques are not able to treat such wastewaters. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of ozone-assisted electrocoagulation process (EC/O3) for the treatment of real cardboard wastewater. The parameters influencing COD removal in the EC/O3 process were optimized using response surface methodology. Regard to the statistical model, the optimum conditions were obtained at current density 9.6 mA/cm2, time 20 min, and pH 12. At optimal condition, EC/O3 process removed 74.7% and 97.5% of COD and color, which was higher compared to ozonation and EC processes separately. The COD removal followed pseudo-first-order kinetic with the coefficient correlation of 0.97 and the reaction rate constant of 0.073 1/min. To sum up, the combined electrocoagulation process with ozonation could be used satisfactorily for removing pollutants from real cardboard wastewater.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in the manuscript.

References

  • Abbasi S, Mirghorayshi M, Zinadini S, Zinatizadeh A (2020) A novel single continuous electrocoagulation process for treatment of licorice processing wastewater: optimization of operating factors using RSM. Process Saf Environ Prot 134:323–332

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acharya N, Thakur C, Chaudhari P (2020) Dataset on statistical reduction of COD by electrocoagulation process using RSM. Data in Brief 28:104944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asaithambi P, Susree M, Saravanathamizhan R, Matheswaran M (2012) Ozone assisted electrocoagulation for the treatment of distillery effluent. Desalination 297:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asaithambi P, Aziz ARA, Daud WMABW (2016) Integrated ozone—electrocoagulation process for the removal of pollutant from industrial effluent: optimization through response surface methodology. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif 105:92–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barhoumi A, Ncib S, Chibani A, Brahmi K, Bouguerra W, Elaloui E (2019) High-rate humic acid removal from cellulose and paper industry wastewater by combining electrocoagulation process with adsorption onto granular activated carbon. Ind Crop Prod 140:111715

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behin J, Farhadian N, Ahmadi M, Parvizi M (2015) Ozone assisted electrocoagulation in a rectangular internal-loop airlift reactor: application to decolorization of acid dye. Journal of Water Process Engineering 8:171–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernal-Martínez LA, Barrera-Díaz C, Solís-Morelos C, Natividad R (2010) Synergy of electrochemical and ozonation processes in industrial wastewater treatment. Chem Eng J 165:71–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bilińska L, Blus K, Gmurek M, Ledakowicz S (2019) Coupling of electrocoagulation and ozone treatment for textile wastewater reuse. Chem Eng J 358:992–1001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camcioglu S, Ozyurt B, Hapoglu H (2017) Effect of process control on optimization of pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation. Process Saf Environ Prot 111:300–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Jiang W, Liu Y, Chen M, He Y, Edem MA et al (2019) Optimization of an integrated electrocoagulation/sedimentation unit for purification of polymer-flooding sewage. J Electroanal Chem 842:193–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalvand A, Gholami M, Joneidi A, Mahmoodi NM (2011) Dye removal, energy consumption and operating cost of electrocoagulation of textile wastewater as a clean process. CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water 39:665–672

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • David C, Arivazhagan M, Tuvakara F (2015) Decolorization of distillery spent wash effluent by electro oxidation (EC and EF) and Fenton processes: a comparative study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 121:142–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deveci EÜ, Akarsu C, Gönen Ç, Özay Y (2019) Enhancing treatability of tannery wastewater by integrated process of electrocoagulation and fungal via using RSM in an economic perspective. Process Biochem 84:124–133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dixit M, Gupta GK, Liu H, Shukla P (2019) Pulp and paper industry based pollutants, their health hazards and environmental risks. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 12:48–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Naas MH, Al-Zuhair S, Al-Lobaney A, Makhlouf S (2009) Assessment of electrocoagulation for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater. J Environ Manag 91:180–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fallahzadeh RA, Mahvi AH, Meybodi MN, Ghaneian MT, Dalvand A, Salmani MH et al (2019) Application of photo-electro oxidation process for amoxicillin removal from aqueous solution: modeling and toxicity evaluation. Korean J Chem Eng 36:713–721

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farhadi S, Aminzadeh B, Torabian A, Khatibikamal V, Alizadeh Fard M (2012) Comparison of COD removal from pharmaceutical wastewater by electrocoagulation, photoelectrocoagulation, peroxi-electrocoagulation and peroxi-photoelectrocoagulation processes. J Hazard Mater 219-220:35–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Federation, W.E. & Association, A.P.H. (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. In: American Public Health Association (APHA): Washington, DC, USA

  • García-Morales M, Roa-Morales G, Barrera-Díaz C, Miranda VM, Hernández PB, Silva TP (2013) Integrated advanced oxidation process (ozonation) and electrocoagulation treatments for dye removal in denim effluents. Int J Electrochem Sci 8:8752–8763

    Google Scholar 

  • Giannakis S, Vives FAG, Grandjean D, Magnet A, De Alencastro LF, Pulgarin C (2015) Effect of advanced oxidation processes on the micropollutants and the effluent organic matter contained in municipal wastewater previously treated by three different secondary methods. Water Res 84:295–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guvenc SY, Erkan HS, Varank G, Bilgili MS, Engin GO (2017) Optimization of paper mill industry wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton processes using response surface methodology. Water Sci Technol 76:2015–2031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katal R, Pahlavanzadeh H (2011) Influence of different combinations of aluminum and iron electrode on electrocoagulation efficiency: application to the treatment of paper mill wastewater. Desalination 265:199–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur D, Bhardwaj NK, Lohchab RK (2019) Effect of incorporation of ozone prior to ECF bleaching on pulp, paper and effluent quality. J Environ Manag 236:134–145

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klidi N, Proietto F, Vicari F, Galia A, Ammar S, Gadri A et al (2019) Electrochemical treatment of paper mill wastewater by electro-Fenton process. J Electroanal Chem 841:166–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mariah GK, Pak KS (2020) Removal of brilliant green dye from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation using response surface methodology. Materials Today: Proceedings 20:488–492

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Modirshahla N, Behnajady M, Mohammadi-Aghdam S (2008) Investigation of the effect of different electrodes and their connections on the removal efficiency of 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation. J Hazard Mater 154:778–786

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muniyasamy A, Sivaporul G, Gopinath A, Lakshmanan R, Altaee A, Achary A et al (2020) Process development for the degradation of textile azo dyes (mono-, di-, poly-) by advanced oxidation process - ozonation: experimental & partial derivative modelling approach. J Environ Manag 265:110397

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nanseu-Njiki CP, Tchamango SR, Ngom PC, Darchen A, Ngameni E (2009) Mercury (II) removal from water by electrocoagulation using aluminium and iron electrodes. J Hazard Mater 168:1430–1436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pormazar SM, Dalvand A (2020). Adsorption of reactive black 5 azo dye from aqueous solution by using amine-functioned Fe3O4 nanoparticles with L-arginine: process optimisation using RSM. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 1-20

  • Pormazar SM, Ehrampoush MH, Ghaneian MT, Khoobi M, Talebi P, Dalvand A (2020) Application of amine-functioned Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with HPEI for effective humic acid removal from aqueous solution: modeling and optimization. Korean J Chem Eng 37:93–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reilly M, Cooley AP, Tito D, Tassou SA, Theodorou MK (2019) Electrocoagulation treatment of dairy processing and slaughterhouse wastewaters. Energy Procedia 161:343–351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Secula MS, Creţescu I, Petrescu S (2011) An experimental study of indigo carmine removal from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation. Desalination 277:227–235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh AK, Chandra R (2019) Pollutants released from the pulp paper industry: aquatic toxicity and their health hazards. Aquat Toxicol 211:202–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonkar M, Kumar M, Dutt D, Kumar V (2019) Treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by a novel bacterium Bacillus sp. IITRDVM-5 through a sequential batch process. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 20:101232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tak BY, Tak BS, Kim YJ, Park YJ, Yoon YH, Min GH (2015) Optimization of color and COD removal from livestock wastewater by electrocoagulation process: application of box–Behnken design (BBD). J Ind Eng Chem 28:307–315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thirugnanasambandham K, Sivakumar V, Maran JP (2015) Response surface modelling and optimization of treatment of meat industry wastewater using electrochemical treatment method. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 46:160–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagle D, Lin CJ, Nawaz T, Shipley HJ (2020) Evaluation and optimization of electrocoagulation for treating Kraft paper mill wastewater. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8:103595

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang DM, Wang B, Ren HY, Yuan JM (2012) Effects and mechanism of ozonation for degradation of sodium acetate in aqueous solution. Water Science and Engineering 5:155–163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zarei H, Nasseri S, Nabizadeh R, Shemirani F, Dalvand A, Mahvi AH (2017) Modeling of arsenic removal from aqueous solution by means of MWCNT/alumina nanocomposite. Desalin Water Treat 67:196–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences for the financial support of the study (Grant No: 7507).

Funding

This research was financially supported by the Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (Grant No: 7507).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

    Mohammad Mehralian, Maryam Khashij & Arash Dalvand

  2. Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

    Mohammad Mehralian & Maryam Khashij

Authors
  1. Mohammad Mehralian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maryam Khashij
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Arash Dalvand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

MM performed the experiments and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. MKh interpreted the data. AD designed the experiments and analyzed the experimental results. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arash Dalvand.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

This research has been approved by Iran National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research (Ethics code: IR.SSU.SPH.REC.1399.148).

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Ricardo Torres-Palma

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mehralian, M., Khashij, M. & Dalvand, A. Treatment of cardboard factory wastewater using ozone-assisted electrocoagulation process: optimization through response surface methodology. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 45041–45049 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13921-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13921-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation