Abstract
Understanding the relationship among ecosystem services (ESs) is essential to promote ESs management and sustainable development. The relationship between ESs is mutual and can be expressed in terms of trade-offs, synergy, and constraints. The paper selected the InVEST model to assess the water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), food production (FP), net primary productivity (NPP), and habitat quality (HQ) of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) and used the constraint line method to analyze the relationship of paired ecological services at three scales: landscape, watershed, and land category. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) during the study period, the spatial changes of the five ecological services in the YREB did not change much, but the spatial distribution of the ecological services was different. (2) From 2000 to 2015, the constraint line of YREB paired ecological services had a high degree of fit. Under the three levels of landscape, watershed, and land category, the YREB has a variety of constraint types, including negative lines, logarithms, paraboloids, humped shapes, and rectangles. (3) At the three levels, the constraint lines between FP, NPP, WY, and SC and HQ were stable rectangular constraints; WY-SC was hump shaped, FP-NPP, FP-SC, FP-WY, NPP-WY, and NPP-SC changed with the scale, showing different spatial scale changes. (4) The paired ESs directly determined the ecological constraint curve but under the combined effect of other factors, which would affect or change the constraint line. We discussed the effects of weather, topography, and economy on the constraint relationship, and found that all have different degrees of influence.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data are processed by the author, true and effective, and all data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article.
References
Albert C, Galler C, Hermes J, Neuendorf F, von Haaren C, Lovett A (2016) Applying ecosystem services indicators in landscape planning and management: the ES-in-planning framework. Ecol Indic 61:100–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.03.029
Bagstad KJ, Semmens DJ, Wage S, Winthrop R (2013) A comparative assessment of decision-support tools for ecosystem services quantification and valuation. Ecosyst Serv 5:27–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.004
Baral H, Guariguata MR, Keenan RJ (2016) A Proposed framework for assessing ecosystem goods and services from planted forests. Ecosyst Serv 22:260–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.10.002
Bennett EM, Peterson GD, Gordon LJ (2009) Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services. Ecol Lett 12:1394–1404
Bohensky E, Reyers B, Jaarsveld A (2010) Future ecosystem services in a southern african river basin: a scenario planning approach to uncertainty. Conserv Biol 20(4):1051–1061. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00475.x
Deng L, Yang Z, Su W (2019) Valuing the water ecosystem service and analyzing its impact factors in Chongqing city under the background of urbanization. Soil Water Conserv Res 26(04):208–216. https://doi.org/10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2019.04.032
Elliff CI, Kikuchi RK (2017) Ecosystem services provided by coral reefs in a southwestern atlantic archipelago. Ocean Coast Manag 136:49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.11.021
Fu B, Wang S, Su C, M Forsius (2013) Linking ecosystem processes and ecosystem services. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 5(1):4–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.12.002
Fu B, Xu P, Wang Y, Yan K, Chaudhary S (2018) Assessment of the ecosystem services provided by ponds in hilly areas. Sci Total Environ 642:979–987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.138
Gregory ON, Jean V, Isabelle C, Olivier T (2020) Using a multivariate regression tree to analyze trade-offs between ecosystem services: Application to the main cropping area in France - ScienceDirec. Ence Total Environ 764:142815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142815
Guan D, Zhou L, Li Q, Hu S, Yuan X, Yang H (2019) Constraints relationship of wetland ecosystem services in chongqing. China Environ Sci 39(4):1753–1764
Guo Q, Brown JH, Enquist BJ (1998) Using constraint lines to characterize plant performance. Oikos 83(2):237–245. https://doi.org/10.2307/3546835
Hao R, Yu D, Wu J, Guo Q, Yupeng AL (2016) Constraint line methods and the applications in ecology. Chin J Plant Ecol 40(10):1100–1109. https://doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0152
Hao R, Yu D, Wu J (2017) Relationship between paired ecosystem services in the grassland and agro-pastoral transitional zone of China using the constraint line method. Agric Ecosyst Environ 240:171–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.02.015
Hao R, Yu D, Sun Y, Shi M (2019) The features and influential factors of interactions among ecosystem services. Ecol Indic 101:770–779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.01.080
He Z, Jiang L, Wang Z, Zeng R, Xu D, Liu J (2019) The emergy analysis of southern china agro-ecosystem and its relation with its regional sustainable development. Global Ecol Conserv 20:e721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00721
Huston MA (1999) Local processes and regional patterns: appropriate scales for understanding variation in the diversity of plants and animals. Oikos 86(3):393–401. https://doi.org/10.2307/3546645
Jia X, Fu B, Feng X, Hou G, Liu Y, Wang X (2014) The tradeoff and synergy between ecosystem services in the grain-for-green areas in northern Shaanxi, China. Ecol Indic 43(43):103–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.02.028
Jiang C, Zhang H, Zhang Z (2018) Spatially explicit assessment of ecosystem services in China's loess plateau: patterns, interactions, drivers, and implications. Glob Planet Chang 161:41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.11.014
Kong L, Zheng H, Xiao Y, Ouyang Z, Li C, Zhang J, Huang B (2018) Mapping ecosystem service bundles to detect distinct types of multifunctionality within the diverse landscape of the Yangtze River Basin, China. Sustainability 10(3):857. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030857
Kong F, Chen Y, Chen Q, Mou Q, Yan J (2019) Temporal and spatial variation and driving factors of farmland ecological service value in Chongqing. Chin J Eco-Agric 27(11):1637–1648. https://doi.org/10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.190192
Lester SE, Costello C, Halpern BS, Gaines SD, White C, Barth JA (2013) Evaluating tradeoffs among ecosystem services to inform marine spatial planning. Mar Policy 38:80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.05.022
Li Y, Li S, Gao Y, Gao Y, Wang Y (2013) Ecosystem services and hierarchic human well-being: Concepts and service classification framework. Acta Geograph Sin 68(8):1038–1047 cnki:sun:dixb.0.2013-08-004
Li J, Bai Y, Alatalo JM (2020) Impacts of rural tourism-driven land use change on ecosystems services provision in Erhai lake basin, China. Ecosyst Serv 42:101–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101081
Liu Y, Zhou Y (2019) Spatiotemporal dynamics and grey forecast of ecosystem services value in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Ecol Econ 35(04):196–201
Liu S, Yin Y, Liu X, Cheng F, Yang J, Li J, Dong S, Zhu A (2017) Ecosystem services and landscape change associated with plantation expansion in a tropical rainforest region of southwest China. Ecol Model 353:129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.03.009
Liu Y, Zhou Y, Du Y (2019) Study on the spatio-temporal patterns of habitat quality and its terrain gradient effects of the middle of the Yangtze River Economic Belt based on InVEST model. Resour Environ Yangtze Basin 28(10):2429–2440. https://doi.org/10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201910015
Medinski TV, Mills AJ, Esler KJ, Schmiedel U, Jürgens N (2010) Do soil properties constrain species richness? Insights from boundary line analysis across several biomes in south western Africa. J Arid Environ 74(9):1052–1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.03.004
Milanović M, Knapp S, Pyšek P, Kühn I (2020) Linking traits of invasive plants with ecosystem Services and disservices. Ecosyst Serv 42:101–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101072
Mills A, Fey M, Donaldson J, Todd S, Theron L (2009) Soil infiltrability as a driver of plant cover and species richness in the Semi-Arid Karoo, south Africa. Plant Soil 320(1/2):321–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9904-5
Onaindia M, Fernandez D, Madariaga I (2013) Co-benefits and trade-offs between biodiversity carbon storage and water flow regulation. For Ecol Manag 289(10):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.010
Ouyang Z, Zheng H, Xiao Y, Polasky S, Liu J, Xu W, Wang Q, Zhang L, Xiao Y, Rao E, Jiang L, Lu F, Wang X, Yang G, Gong S, Wu B, Zeng Y, Yang W, Daily GC (2016) Improvements in ecosystem services from investments in natural capital. Science 352(6292):1455–1459. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf2295
Peng J, Hu X, Zhao M, Liu Y, Tian L (2017) Research progress on ecosystem service trade-offs: From cognition to decision-making. Acta Geograph Sin 72(6):960–973. https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb201706002
Peng L, Xia J, Li Z, Fang C, Deng X (2020) Spatio-temporal dynamics of water-related disaster risk in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2015. Resour Conserv Recycl 161(1):104851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104851
Qiao X, Gu Y, Zou C, Wang L, Luo J, Huang X (2018) Trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services in the Taihu lake basin of China. Chinese Geogr. Sci 28(1):86–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-018-0933-y
Qiu J, Turner MG (2013) Spatial interactions among ecosystem services in an urbanizing agricultural watershed. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110:12149–12154
Raudsepp-Hearne C, Peterson GD, Bennett EM (2010) Ecosystem service bundles for analyzing tradeoffs in diverse landscapes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107(11):5242–5247
Renard KG, Foster GR, Weesies GA, Porter JP (1991) RUSLE: revised universal soil loss equation. Soil Water Conserv 46:30–33
Ruan X, Li T, Zhang O, Yao Z (2021) A quantitative study on ecological compensation of cultivated land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt based on ecological service value. Chin J Agric Resour Region Plan 42(01):68–76. https://doi.org/10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121
Sharma B, Rasul G, Chettri N (2015) The economic value of wetland ecosystem services: evidence from the Koshi Tappu wildlife reserve, Nepal. Ecosyst Serv 12:84–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.02.007
Sharp R, Douglass J, Wolny S, Arkema K, Bernhardt J, Bierbower W, Chaumont N, Denu D, Fisher D, Glowinski K, Griffin R, Guannel G, Guerry A, Johnson J, Hamel P, Kennedy C., Kim C.K, Lacayo M, Lonsdorf E, Mandle L, Rogers L, Silver J, Toft J, Verutes G, Vogl A, Wood S, Wyatt K (2020) InVEST 3.9.0. post73+ug.gc1af4cf User's Guide. The Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, University of Minnesota, The Nature Conservancy, and World Wildlife Fund. https://storage.googleapis.com/releases.naturalcapitalproject.org/invest-userguide/latest/index.html
Shi N, Xiao N, Wang Q, Han Y, Feng J, Quan Z (2019) Spatial pattern of ecosystems and the driving forces in the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Environ Sci Res 32(11):1779–1789. https://doi.org/10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2019.07.14
Shipley NJ, Johnson DN, Van-Riper CJ, Stewart WP, Chu ML, Suski CD, Stein JA, Shew JJ (2020) A deliberative research approach to valuing agro-ecosystem services in a worked landscape. Ecosyst Serv 42:101–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101083
Sun Y, Wang L, Wang J (2009) The ecological sensitivity evaluation in yellow river delta national nature reserve. Acta Ecol Sin 29(9):4836–4846
Sun B, Cui L, Li W, Kang X, Zhang M (2018) A space-scale estimation method based on continuous wavelet transform for coastal wetland ecosystem services in Liaoning province, China. Ocean Coast Manag 157:138–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.02.019
Wang M, Wang W (2020) Study on the dynamic relationship of industrial structure change and environmental pollution discharge—taking the Changjiang River Economic Belt as an example. Resour Dev Market 36(06):572–578 (in Chinese)
Wang T, Feng L, Mou P, Wu J, Smith JL, Xiao W, Yang H, Dou H, Zhao X, Cheng Y (2016) Amur tigers and leopards returning to China: direct evidence and a landscape conservation plan. Landsc Ecol 31:491–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0278-1
Willemen L, Hein L, Mensvoort M, Verburg P (2010) Space for people, plants, and livestock? quantifying interactions among multiple landscape functions in a dutch rural region. Ecol Indic 10(1):62–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.02.015
Wischmeier W, Smith D (1965) Rainfall-erosion losses from cropland east of the Rocky mountains, guide for selection of practices for soil and water conservation. Agric Handbook 282:1–17
Wu J (2013) Landscape sustainability science: ecosystem services and human well-being in changing landscapes. Landsc Ecol 28:999–1023
Wu J, He C, Zhang Q, Yu D, Huang G, Huang Q (2014) Integrative modeling and strategic planning for regional sustainability under climate change. Adv Earth Science 29(12):1315–1324. https://doi.org/10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.12.1315
Wu D, Zhou C, Lin N, Cao W (2018) Temporal and spatial variations of soil conservation service function in Yangtze River Economic Belt. Bull Soil Water Conserv 38(5):144–148. https://doi.org/10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2018.05.023
Xu X, Yang G, Tan Y, Liu J, Hu H (2018) Ecosystem services trade-offs and determinants in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2015. Sci. Total Environ 634:1601–1614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.046
Yang G, Xu X, Li P (2015a) Research on the construction of green ecological corridors in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Prog Geogr 34(11):1356-1367. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.11.003
Yang G, Ge Y, Xue H, Yang W, Shi Y, Peng C, Du Y, Fan X, Ren Y, Chang J (2015b) Using ecosystem service bundles to detect trade-offs and synergies across urban–rural complexes. Landsc Urban Plan 136:110–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.12.006
Yang G, Qi Z, Wan R, Lai X, Xia J, Ling L, Dai H, Lei J, Chen J, Lu Y (2016) Lake hydrology, water quality and ecology impacts of altered river-lake interactions: advances in research on the middle Yangtze river. Hydrol Res 47(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.003
Yang W, Jin Y, Sun T, Yang Z, Cai Y, Yi Y (2018a) Trade-offs among ecosystem services in coastal wetlands under the effects of reclamation activities. Ecol Indic 92:354–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.05.005
Yang S, Hu S, Qu S (2018b) Spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem service value in middle Yangtze River Economic region from 1990 to 2014. Res Soil Water Conserv 25(03):164–169. https://doi.org/10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2018.03.023
Yangtze River Water Resources Commission (YRWRC) (2016) Water Resources Bulletin of the Yangtze River Basin and the Southwest Rivers in China 2015. Yangtze River Press in Wuhan (in Chinese).
Yao R, Li Z, Sun H (2018) Multi-directional eco-compensation policy in the whole basin Provides financial security for the battle of the Yangtze River Protection and Restoration. Environ Prot 46(09):18–21. https://doi.org/10.14026/j.cnki.0253-9705.2018.09.004
Yin Y, Huang B, Wang W, Wei Y, Ma X, Ma F, Zhao C (2016) Reservoir-induced landslides and risk control in three gorges project on Yangtze River, China. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 8(5):577–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.08.001
Yuan Z, Wan R (2019) A review on the methods of ecosystem service assessment. Ecological Science 38(05):210–219 (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2019.05.028
Zhai T, Wang J, Jin Z, Qi Y (2019) Change and correlation analysis of the supply-demand pattern of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Acta Ecol Sin 39(15):5414–5424
Zhang W, Sun X, Shan R (2014) Effects of land use change on habitat quality based on invest model in Shandong peninsula. Environ Ecol 1(05):15–23(In Chinese)
Zhang Z, Xia F, Yang D, Huo J, Wang G, Chen H (2020) Spatiotemporal characteristics in ecosystem service value and its interaction with human activities in Xinjiang, China. Ecol Indic 110:105826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105826
Zhao Y, Wu J, He C, Ding G (2017) Linking wind erosion to ecosystem services in drylands: a landscape ecological approach. Landsc Ecol 32(12):2399–2417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-017-0585-9
Zhao M, Peng J, Liu Y, Li T, Wang Y (2018) Mapping watershed-level ecosystem service bundles in the Pearl River Delta, China. Ecol Econ 152:106–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.04.023
Zheng Z, Fu B, Hu H, Sun G (2014) A method to identify the variable ecosystem services relationship across time: a case study on Yanhe Basin, China. Landsc Ecol 29(10):1689–1696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0088-x
Zhong L, Wang J (2017) Evaluation on effect of land consolidation on habitat quality based on InVEST model. Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transact Chin Soc Agric Eng 33(1):250–255. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.01.034
Zhou W, Liu G, Pan J, Feng F (2005) Distribution of available soil water capacity in China. J Geogr Sci 15(1):3–12
Zhou X, Cao G, Yu F, Liu Q, Ma G, Yang W (2020) Risk zoning of acute water pollution in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Acta Sci Circumst 40(01):334–342. https://doi.org/10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2019.0369
Funding
This work is partially sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing in China (cstc2020jcyj-jq X0004), Late Project of National Social Science Foundation in China (20FJYB035), the Ministry of education of Humanities and Social Science project (20YJA790016), the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJZD-K201800702).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
L.Z. and G.D. designed the study. L.Z. performed the analysis and prepared the manuscript. L.Z. and Z.L. assembled input data, implemented the model and analyzed output data and results. L.Z. conducted data collection and preliminary analysis. G.D. and Z.Y. revised the original manuscript. G.D. and L.Z. validated modelling results and discussed the results and implications. All authors (L.Z., G.D., Z.L., and Z.Y.) participated in the writing of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee.
Consent to participate
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Consent for publication
The manuscript is approved by all authors for publication.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary information
ESM 1
(PDF 1.09 mb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Z., Guan, D., Zhou, L. et al. Constraint relationship of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 12484–12505 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13845-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13845-2