Abstract
In order to estimate the resuspension of the particles empirically, it is necessary to carry out a homogeneous distribution of the particles on the tested surfaces. Thus, in many studies, seeding or deposition in experimental chambers is performed to quantify initial concentrations for subsequent resuspension experiments. The current study was carried out to assess metal particle seeding efficiency on four types of urban surfaces (slate, facade coating, tile, and glass) in a test chamber. To achieve this objective, we compared firstly different solubilization techniques of silver polydisperse particles (1.3–3.2 μm and 0.5–1.0 μm) and gold polydisperse particles (Ø˂5 μm) for chemical quantification by ICP-MS. The result showed better yields in the case of gold for all solubilization techniques studied (82% ± 5% to 98% ± 2% for gold versus 23% ± 18% to 84% ± 12% for silver). Based on this result, four seeding tests were carried out with the gold particles (distribution in chamber centered on 1μm). The concentrations seeded on urban surfaces (mean ± SD) varied from 10,900 ± 1,900 μg.m−2 (facade coating sample) to 1900 ± 390 μg.m−2 (glass sample). The relative standard deviation of the measured concentrations equaled 9.5% (tested for aluminum foils), which was less than the measurement uncertainty of the recording equipment (≈14%) and reflected good seeding homogeneity. Observations by scanning electron microscopy coupled to microanalysis (SEM-EDX) were in agreement with these conclusions.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Special thanks to the members of the Water and Environment laboratory, Nadège Caubrière, Martin Guillon and Dominique Demare, for their precious help during the analyses.
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EKK and MG conceived and planned the experiments. EKK carried out the experiments and performed the numerical calculations for the suggested experiments. MG and VR were involved in planning and supervised the work. PL suggested experiments, contributed to the interpretation of the results, and worked on the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Kouadio, E.K., Goriaux, M., Laguionie, P. et al. Metal particle seeding on urban surface samples. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 30837–30849 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13789-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13789-7