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Evaluation of the metal concentrations of wild mushroom species with their health risk assessments

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Abstract

The ability of mushrooms to accumulate heavy metals has increased concerns over their toxic effects on human health in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the metal contents (Zn, Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cd), daily intake of metal (DIM) and health risk index (HRI) values of nineteen different mushroom species (edible, inedible, and poisonous) collected from Uzungol, Trabzon (Turkey). Although the area where mushrooms were collected has the status of “Natural Park,” there has been an excessive human settlement in recent years. Elemental analyses have shown that Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, and Ni concentrations in mushrooms were in the following ranges: 49.0–1713.0, 3.0–425.0, 3.0–154.0, 16.0–134.0, 0.17–1.79, 0.28–7.88, 0.07–5.68, and 0.24–6.82 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. As a result of DIM analysis, while it was determined that the daily consumption of Hygrophorus pudorinus, Meripilus giganteus, and Sarcodon imbricatus was safe for all the metals examined, HRI analysis showed that only M. giganteus and S. imbricatus can be consumed safely. The content of Cd was found to be above the legal limits determined by the competent authorities. According to Pearson correlation analysis, the correlations between Fe-Pb, Cu-Zn, Cd-Co, Pb-Co, Cd-Fe, Co-Fe, Cd-Pb, and Fe-Mn pairs were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Although the data obtained from this study did not provide clear data on environmental pollution in the area where the samples were collected, it was concluded that the competent authorities should take measures regarding possible environmental pollution at this location.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information file.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, TR-03100, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

    Cengiz Sarikurkcu

  2. Environmental Problems Research and Application Center, Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University, TR-48000, Mugla, Turkey

    Dilek Yildiz

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, TR-06100, Ankara, Turkey

    Ilgaz Akata

  4. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Kilis 7 Aralik University, TR-79000, Kilis, Turkey

    Bektas Tepe

Authors
  1. Cengiz Sarikurkcu
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  2. Dilek Yildiz
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  3. Ilgaz Akata
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  4. Bektas Tepe
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Contributions

CS carried out the conceptualization and research, formal analysis, and writing the original draft. DY and IA conducted literature research, conceptualization, visualization, and data analysis. BT contributed to the conceptualization, writing-reviewing, and editing processes.

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Correspondence to Cengiz Sarikurkcu.

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Highlights

• Metal contents and health risk assessments of nineteen mushroom species were studied.

• M. giganteus and S. imbricatus were found to be safe for the consumers.

• All other mushrooms were found to be harmful to health in terms of some elements.

• The correlations between Fe-Pb, Cu-Zn, Cd-Co, Pb-Co, Cd-Fe, Co-Fe, Cd-Pb, and Fe-Mn were statistically significant.

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Sarikurkcu, C., Yildiz, D., Akata, I. et al. Evaluation of the metal concentrations of wild mushroom species with their health risk assessments. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 21437–21454 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11685-0

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