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Use of 2–methoxyethyl ether and nitromethane as oxygenated additives for performance improvement and emission reduction of CI engine: experimental investigation and numerical simulation

  • Recent Trends in Environment and Sustainable Development
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Abstract

Diesel engines are playing a vital responsibility in the field of automobile, agriculture, construction, and power generation. In the present world, much research is going on in the field of renewable energy to replace conventional sources of energy. But it is not very easy to replace diesel engines with other sources due to the better power output and reliability. The emissions from CI engines are very harmful for human health and for the environment. The major emissions are smoke and NOx which need to be controlled in an effective manner. In this work, direct injection variable compression ratio CI engine was used in experimental investigations for determining the combustion characteristics for D–MXEE–NM blends at different compression ratios. By performance analysis and exhaust emission of engine at peak load, D–MXEE5–NM2.5 (diesel 92.5%, 2–methoxyethyl ether 5%, and nitromethane 2.5%) blend was identified as best blend among all tested fuel blends and pure diesel at normal compression ratio (17.5). Further, all considered fuels with different CR values at peak load were ranked by Entropy–VIKOR method. From the analysis, D–MXEE5–NM2.5 at CR 19.5 was found as best fuel blend (ranked first) among all fuel blends and different compression ratios considered with same experimental conditions. By comparison of best fuel blend D–MXEE5–NM2.5 (at advanced compression ratio 19.5) with diesel (at standard CR 17.5), emission decline (HC 66.66%, CO 70.00%, and smoke 16.09%) and performance improvement (decrement in BSFC 7.07% and increment in BTE 4.41%) were obtained significantly at peak load. However, negligible increment in NOx (3.58%) was observed.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Abbreviations

D:

Diesel

CA:

Crank angle

CI:

Compression ignition

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CR:

Compression ratio

DI:

Direct injection

HC:

Hydrocarbons

IC:

Internal combustion

IP:

Injection pressure

IT:

Injection timing

NM:

Nitromethane

NOx:

Nitrogen oxides

PM:

Particulate matter

AHP:

Analytic hierarchy process

ANP:

Analytic network process

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

EGR:

Exhaust gas recirculation

GRA:

Grey relational analysis

HDT:

Hasse diagram technique

rpm:

Revolution per minutes

VCR:

Variable compression ratio

btdc:

Before top dead center

BSFC:

Brake-specific fuel consumption

FAHP:

Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process

MCDM:

Multi-criteria decision-making

MXEE:

2–methoxyethyl ether

TOPSIS:

Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution

VIKOR:

Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje

ELECTRE:

Elimination et choix traduisant la realite

v/v:

Volume by volume

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Rajasthan Technical University (RTU), Kota, and Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Management and Gramothan (SKIT), Jaipur, for providing the research facilities to conduct this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Management & Gramothan, 302017, Jaipur, India

    Chandan Kumar, Priyanka Verma & Meghna Mahar

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, 324010, Kota, India

    Kunj Bihari Rana

  3. Department of Physics, Govt. Women Engineering College, 305002, Ajmer, India

    Shyam Sundar Sharma

Authors
  1. Chandan Kumar
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  2. Kunj Bihari Rana
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  3. Priyanka Verma
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  4. Meghna Mahar
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  5. Shyam Sundar Sharma
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Contributions

Chandan Kumar and Kunj Bihari Rana: conceptualization, analysis, writing, reviewing, and editing; Priyanka Verma and Meghna Mahar: experimentation and writing; Shyam Sundar Sharma: supervision.

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Correspondence to Kunj Bihari Rana.

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Kumar, C., Rana, K.B., Verma, P. et al. Use of 2–methoxyethyl ether and nitromethane as oxygenated additives for performance improvement and emission reduction of CI engine: experimental investigation and numerical simulation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 3960–3971 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11547-9

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