Abstract
Groundwater has been recognized as one of the most critical and vulnerable natural sources which is utilized in potable water supply, agricultural irrigation, and industrial manufacture worldwide. In past decades, groundwater issues have drawn more and more attention and enable groundwater contamination and remediation research achieve dramatic development. This study depicted the spatial-temporal evolution of groundwater contamination and remediation research by evaluating related literatures published from 1989 to 2017 based on databases of Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Sci, and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science and Humanities with Bibliometric Analysis and explored the policy-based driving force with laws and regulations collected from United States Code (U.S. Code) system and Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) system behind those variations. The results demonstrated a rapid growth of groundwater contamination and remediation–related publications, and the USA identified as the leading country in terms of contributing the largest number of articles and possessing the greatest influence. From the temporal view, scholars from different countries have made in-depth studies in the fields of groundwater, pollutants and groundwater quality, remediation materials, and remediation approaches. The spatial analysis demonstrated America and Asia are the two continents that have published the most articles. In the past decades, the evolutionary progress of groundwater research is demonstrated that the hot spots are developed from groundwater contamination and remediation to more specific researches. Simultaneously, laws and regulations about groundwater are developed as well and to some extent, those laws and regulations boost the development of groundwater contamination and remediation research publications. These findings, as important references, could be utilized to depict the evolutionary progress of groundwater contamination and remediation research and explore the directions and trends of this specific research field in the future.
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Data Availability
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study about publications are available in the Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science (CPCI-S), and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science and Humanities (CPCI-SSH) repositories.
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Funding
This research has been supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 91846301, 41871211, 41571522).
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Bo Li and Jiao Li analyzed and interpreted the data. Bo Li and Yaling Lu performed visualization of data and were major contributors in writing the manuscript. Yuan Wang and Hongqiang Jiang both gave helpful advices on the frame and schematic of this research. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study about laws, acts, bills, rules, and regulations are available in the United States Code and the Code of Federal Regulations system [https://uscode.house.gov and https://beta.regulations.gov/].
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Responsible Editor: Xianliang Yi
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Highlights
• Bibliometric Analysis for 15416 related publications during 1989–2017
• Spatial-temporal variations and visualization based on Bibliometric Analysis
• Evolutionary progress dendrograms of publications, laws, and regulations
• Qualitative analysis to demonstrate policy-based driving force behind variations
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Li, B., Lu, Y., Li, J. et al. Exploring the spatial-temporal variations and policy-based driving force behind groundwater contamination and remediation research in past decades. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 13188–13201 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11382-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11382-y