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Do renewable energy and natural gas consumption mitigate CO2 emissions in the USA? New insights from NARDL approach

  • Research in Environmental Planning and Management
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Abstract

This article attempts to explore the asymmetric impact of renewable energy and natural gas consumptions on CO2 emissions for the selected ten most populous states in the USA over the period from 1997 to 2017. For that purpose, the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) estimation technique, developed by Shin et al. (2014), decomposes the consumption of renewable energy and natural gas into positive and negative changes. The cointegration test results indicate that renewable energy and natural gas consumptions have a long-run connection with CO2 emissions in the eight of states used in the study. Moreover, the results reveal that the long-run asymmetric impact of renewable energy and natural gas consumptions on CO2 emissions differs from state to state. Finally, the study provides several important policy suggestions, including reducing the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere.

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Notes

  1. https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/sec1.pdf

  2. According to World Population Reviews, the most ten populous states in the USA are ranked as follows: (1) California, (2) Texas, (3) Florida, (4) New York, (5) Pennsylvania, (6) Illinois, (7) Ohio, (8) Georgia, (9) North Carolina, and (10) Michigan.

  3. We excluded North Carolina and New Jersey from the analysis because of heteroscedasticity problem, and Washington is substituted.

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Acknowledgments

This paper was initially presented at the International Conference on Economics, Energy and Environment, June 25–27, 2020, Cappadocia, Nevsehir, Turkey. The authors are grateful to the editor and anonymous referees of the journal for their extremely useful suggestions to improve the quality of the article. We are solely responsible for all errors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey

    Ferhat Çıtak & Safa Hoş

  2. School of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Adıyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey

    Hakan Uslu

  3. Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, USA

    Oğuzhan Batmaz

Authors
  1. Ferhat Çıtak
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  2. Hakan Uslu
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  3. Oğuzhan Batmaz
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  4. Safa Hoş
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Contributions

Ferhat Çıtak: Supervision, writing - original draft, review and editing, validation, resources.

Hakan Uslu: writing - original draft, review and editing.

Oğuzhan Batmaz: writing - original draft, review and editing.

Safa Hoş: writing - original draft, review and editing.

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Correspondence to Ferhat Çıtak.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Çıtak, F., Uslu, H., Batmaz, O. et al. Do renewable energy and natural gas consumption mitigate CO2 emissions in the USA? New insights from NARDL approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 63739–63750 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11094-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11094-3

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