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The removal of moisture and antibiotic resistance genes in dairy manure by microwave treatment

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Abstract

To characterize the drying of dairy manure during microwave (MW) heating, and to determine the impacts of microwave radiation on reductions of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), this study investigated on understanding the effects of microwave heating on solid streams of flushed dairy manure. A series of experiments were performed to determine the rate of drying, moisture removal percentages, change in solids, and the level of ARGs. Manure was exposed to microwave radiation for 30–300 s at a frequency of 2450 MHz. The results showed moisture removal rate (U) up to 0.63-g water per minute per gram of dairy manure. During MW treatment, volatile solid (VS) content was relatively stable. The MW treatment resulted in reduction of ARGs such as sulII, intI1, and tnpA. The ARG concentrations (sulII, intI1, and tnpA) were reduced by 2 orders of magnitude in less than 1 min of microwave heating. The preliminary results of this study showed that MW treatment can be a viable option for drying of dairy manure and reducing ARGs in manure.

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Acknowledgments

The author thank Doug Gisi, the manager of UC Davis Dairy Teaching and Research Facility, and his staff for manure collection. The authors appreciate the valuable feedback and suggestions by Dr. Sundaram Kuppu during the revision of the manuscript.

Funding

The authors thank the California Department of food and Agriculture (CDFA)’s Alternative Manure Management Program (AMMP) for providing support for manure research. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support from the International Clean Energy Talent Program of China Scholarship Council (No. 201902720026) and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biogas institute of ministry of agriculture and rural affairs, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China

    Tao Luo

  2. Department of population health and reproduction, Veterinary medicine school, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Tao Luo, Yi Wang & Pramod Pandey

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  1. Tao Luo
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  2. Yi Wang
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  3. Pramod Pandey
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Contributions

TL and PP were involved in method and experiment development. TL performed the experiments with assistance from PP. TL and YW worked on sample analysis. TL wrote the first draft with YW’s assistance. PP helped TL and YW in writing and revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pramod Pandey.

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Luo, T., Wang, Y. & Pandey, P. The removal of moisture and antibiotic resistance genes in dairy manure by microwave treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 6675–6683 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10986-8

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