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Solar still desalination system equipped with paraffin as phase change material: exergoeconomic analysis and multi-objective optimization

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Abstract

The current work is about analysis and multi-objective optimization (MOO) of weir-type solar still systems equipped with phase change material (PCM) regarding the exergetic and economic performance. To do so, the energetic and exergetic modeling of the suggested system is conducted then the substantial economic factors is applied to obtain the total cost rate of the considered SSDS. The total exergetic efficiency and total annual cost (TAC) is considered objective functions. Four parameters include mass of the PCM (mPCM), inlet brine water flow rate (\( {\dot{m}}_{\mathrm{f}} \)), gap distance (d), and insulation width (xins) is chosen as decision variables. Moreover, a genetic algorithm–based MOO was applied to find the optimum states of evaluated solar still unit. The outputs represented that increasing the brine feed water mass flow rate does not affect the TAC while decreasing distilled water production rate. The scattered distribution of optimum states infers that the optimum value of PCM mass is about 1 kg. In addition, applied MOO reveals that with optimization of the studied system, the exergy efficiency increases about 1.47% and the annual distilled water increases 4.35% compared with the non-optimized system. The suggested system is capable to produce fresh water in remote areas without any pollution as well as in a low cost rate.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Jiangsu, China for providing technical and financial support. The authors are also grateful to the research collaboration among Universities, institutes and groups of authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Automation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, 223003, China

    Muhammad Zeeshan Malik

  2. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

    Farayi Musharavati

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

    Saber Khanmohammadi

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran

    Shoaib Khanmohammadi

  5. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam

    Dinh Duc Nguyen

  6. Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea

    Dinh Duc Nguyen

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  1. Muhammad Zeeshan Malik
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  2. Farayi Musharavati
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  3. Saber Khanmohammadi
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  4. Shoaib Khanmohammadi
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  5. Dinh Duc Nguyen
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Correspondence to Muhammad Zeeshan Malik or Dinh Duc Nguyen.

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Malik, M., Musharavati, F., Khanmohammadi, S. et al. Solar still desalination system equipped with paraffin as phase change material: exergoeconomic analysis and multi-objective optimization. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 220–234 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10335-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10335-9

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