Abstract
This paper presents the synthesis of a hybrid material through the use of natural pozzolan and titanium(IV) isopropoxide using the sol-gel method and its application in the photocatalytic hexavalent chromium reduction. The characterization data indicated a mesoporous material possessing a surface area of 271.7 m2 g−1. The morphology studies (SEM and TEM) showed nanosheet hybrid structures. The analysis of DRUV, FTIR, XRD, and Mössbauer spectroscopy provides a different electronic structure of the synthetized material when compared with the originals, proving the hybridization process between pozzolan and titanium(IV) isopropoxide. The photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) using the hybrid material showed a better performance than conventional photocatalysts (precursor and TiO2-P25). Operational conditions such as chromium initial concentration (0.02–0.20 mM), solution pH (3–6), and type of scavenger (citric or tartaric acid) were evaluated in order to determine the best experimental conditions for the Cr(VI) photoreduction. At their optimum (catalyst load of 15 mg L−1, tartaric acid as scavenger, [scavenger]0/[Cr(VI)]0 M ratio = 3:1, pH 3, and 25 °C), the total photoreduction of 0.20 mM Cr(VI) was achieved in 180 min. The novel hybrid materials synthesized from pozzolan and titanium(IV) isopropoxide showed to be a potential catalyst for the Cr(VI) reduction in aqueous solution.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge LABMASSA – Mass Transfer Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), the supplier of all laboratory infrastructure used in this research project. Aline M. Novack acknowledges her scholarship supported by CAPES. Dr. Glaydson Simoes dos Reis is grateful to the Council for the Development of Higher Education at the Graduate Level, Brazil (CAPES) for his postdoctoral scholarship granted through National Postdoctoral Program (PNPD). Maja Đolić acknowledges the grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia (III 43009). Vítor J.P. Vilar acknowledges the 2017 FCT Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus (CEECIND/01317/2017).
Funding
This work was financially supported by CAPES-PRINT, project number 88887.310560/2018-00, and Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM - UIDB/50020/2020—funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC).
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Highlights
• Facile fabrication of hybrid titanium(IV) isopropoxide/pozzolan nanosheets
• Ti–O–Si and Ti–O–Al bonds between the titanium(IV) isopropoxide and pozzolan
• Innovative hybrid pozzolan-based material for Cr(VI) photocatalytic reduction
• A novel photocatalyst with a short bandgap and high SBET
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Novack, A.M., dos Reis, G.S., Hackbarth, F.V. et al. Facile fabrication of hybrid titanium(IV) isopropoxide/pozzolan nanosheets (TnS-Pz) of high photocatalytic activity: characterization and application for Cr(VI) reduction in an aqueous solution. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 23568–23581 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09178-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09178-1