Abstract
Intensive use of the chlorinated pesticide chlordecone from the 1970s to 1993 to prevent crop damage in banana plantations of Guadeloupe and Martinique led to diffuse pollution of soils and surface waters, affecting both fauna and human beings in the contaminated areas. Since 2001, drinking water production plants have been equipped with filters containing activated carbon that must be treated after saturation. The objective of this work is to produce a hybrid material composed of activated carbon and vitamin B12 (VB12) for the degradation of chlordecone (CLD). The preparation of such a hybrid material is carried out by non-covalent fixation to achieve an eco-friendly solution for the serious environmental problem of contamination by chlorinated pesticides. It is thus proposed to degrade CLD by a physico-chemical treatment allowing salvage of the catalyst, which is adsorbed on the carbon surface to generate less waste that is inexpedient to treat. Activated carbon (AC) is produced locally from available sugarcane bagasse subjected to phosphoric acid activation. The main characteristics of this material are a major mesoporous structure (0.91%) and a specific (BET) surface area ranging from 1000 to 1500 m2 g−1. The experimental results showed that BagP1.5 has a high adsorption capacity for VB12 due to its large surface area (1403 m2 g−1). The binding of VB12 to the bagasse-derived AC is favoured at high temperatures. The adsorption is optimal at a pH of approximately 6. The maximum adsorption capacity of VB12 on the AC, deduced from the Langmuir model, was 306 mg g−1, confirming the high affinity between the two components. The hybrid material was characterised by FTIR, Raman, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and SEM analysis. CLD removal by this hybrid material was faster than that by VB12 or BagP1.5 alone. The CLD degradation products were characterised by mass spectrometry.
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Abbreviations
- C 0 :
-
Initial concentration of solute (mg L−1)
- C e :
-
Concentration of solute at equilibrium (mg L−1)
- Dp:
-
Mean pore diameter (nm)
- Q e :
-
Amount of VB12 adsorbed onto AC at equilibrium (mg g−1)
- R i :
-
Initial CLD uptake rate (mM h−1)
- S BET :
-
BET surface area (m2/g)
- S ext :
-
External surface area (m2/g)
- S mi :
-
Microporous surface area (m2/g)
- V me :
-
Mesoporous volume (cm3/g)
- V mi :
-
Microporous volume (cm3/g)
- V tot :
-
Total pore volume (cm3/g)
- AC:
-
Activated carbon
- BagP0.5:
-
Bagasse-activated carbon prepared with an impregnation ratios were 0.5:1 (g H3PO4/g bagasse)
- BagP1.5:
-
Bagasse-activated carbon prepared with an impregnation ratios of 1.5:1 (g H3PO4/g bagasse)
- BagPilot:
-
Bagasse-activated carbon prepared at an impregnation ratio of 1:1 (g H3PO4/g bagasse) in a pilot furnace
- BET:
-
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method
- BJH:
-
Barrett, Joyner and Halenda method
- CLD:
-
Chlordecone
- EI:
-
Electron ionization
- FTIR:
-
Fourier-transform infrared
- GC-MS:
-
Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
- IUPAC:
-
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- VB12:
-
Vitamin B12
- XPS:
-
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- XRF:
-
X-ray fluorescence
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Acknowledgments
Sincere thanks to R. Gadiou of the Institute des Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse (France), the U. Jaurégui-Haza from the Instituto Superior de Tecnologίa y Ciencas Aplicadas of Cuba and the Hervé Macarie from IRD for fruitful discussions.
Funding
We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the project CHLORDEG supported by the DEMICHLORD concerted action initiated by INRA, France and Region Guadeloupe for PhD funding.
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Ranguin, R., Ncibi, M.C., Cesaire, T. et al. Development and characterisation of a nanostructured hybrid material with vitamin B12 and bagasse-derived activated carbon for anaerobic chlordecone (Kepone) removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 41122–41131 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08201-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08201-9