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The effects of melatonin on possible damage that will occur on adipocytokines and liver tissue by coadministration of fructose and bisphenol a (BPA)

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Abstract

BPA, one of the environmental endocrine disruptors, and fructose, reason of liver steatosis which is frequently encountered in the daily diet, contribute to the formation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study examines the possible effects of concurrent fructose and BPA administration on MetS and determines the effects of melatonin on this process. In the seven identified groups, a total of forty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were treated by following fructose, BPA, and melatonin amounts, separately and together: group 1 (control), group 2 (10% aqueous fructose), group 3 (25 mg/kg BPA), group 4 (10% fructose + 25 mg/kg BPA), group 5 (10% fructose + 20 mg/kg melatonin), group 6 (25 mg/kg BPA + 20 mg/kg melatonin), and group 7 (10% fructose + 25 mg/kg BPA + 20 mg/kg melatonin). At the end of 60 days, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and biochemical procedures were performed on liver tissue. As a result, it was seen that BPA and fructose + BPA induced morphological alteration and inflammation and increased intracellular lipid quantity and amount of collagen and reticular fibers. The percentage of apoptotic liver cells stained by annexin V-FITC/PI was lower in group 7 compared to the group 4 (p < 0,001) and also in group 6 compared to the group 3 (p = 0.014). Both BPA and fructose application caused an increase in lipid peroxidation level due to the increase of oxidative stress. Application of melatonin induced antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced lipid peroxidation level. Our results indicate that fructose and BPA administration triggered the formation of MetS, whereas melatonin healed these variations, although not entirely.

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Acknowledgments

The authors greatly acknowledged the Scientific Researches Project Unit at Gazi University.

Funding

This study was funded by the Scientific Researches Project Unit at Gazi University (Project number 01/2015–06).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, In Vitro Fertilization Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 2th Floor, 06230, Ankara, Turkey

    Neslihan Coşkun Akçay

  2. Department of Histology and Embryology, Gazi University Medical Faculty. Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Dean’s Building, 4th Floor, Beşevler, Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey

    Suna Ömeroğlu, Saadet Özen Akarca Dizakar & İsmail Türkoğlu

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University Medical Faculty. Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Dean’s Building, 5th Floor, Beşevler, Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey

    Mustafa Kavutçu

  4. Department of Biophysics, Gazi University Medical Faculty. Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Dean’s Building, 5th Floor, Beşevler, Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey

    Meriç Arda Eşmekaya

  5. Department of Anatomy, Gazi University Medical Faculty. Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Dean’s Building, 2th Floor, Beşevler, Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey

    Tuncay Veysel Peker

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  1. Neslihan Coşkun Akçay
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  2. Suna Ömeroğlu
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Correspondence to Neslihan Coşkun Akçay.

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The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of Gazi University.

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Akçay, N.C., Ömeroğlu, S., Dizakar, S.Ö.A. et al. The effects of melatonin on possible damage that will occur on adipocytokines and liver tissue by coadministration of fructose and bisphenol a (BPA). Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 16231–16245 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08041-7

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