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Toxicity assessment of municipal sewage treatment plant effluent by an integrated biomarker response in the liver of crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

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Abstract

In this study, crucian carp (Carassius auratus) was exposed to the increasing concentrations of municipal sewage treatment plant effluent (MSTPE) for 15 days, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), together with the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver of C. auratus were investigated. Moreover, the integrated biomarker response (IBR) approach was applied to assess the adverse effects of MSTPE in freshwater. The aim of the study was to provide an effective biological indicator for evaluating the toxicity effects and ecological risks of MSTPE in the freshwater environment quantitatively. Results showed that MSTPE could cause oxidative damage to the liver of C. auratus, which reflected through the increasing MDA content over the exposure period. MSTPE also led to the biochemical responses of antioxidant defense in C. auratus liver, such as the enhancement of SOD, CAT, and GPx activities, as well as the inhibition of AChE activity and GSH content. It was found that MDA, SOD, GPx, and GSH could be used as the biomarkers for reflecting the adverse effects of MSTPE in the receiving freshwater on the 12th day of exposure. A significant increase of IBR values was observed as the increasing concentration of MSTPE, and the IBR values presented a significant positive correlation (r = 0.891, P < 0.05) with the increasing concentrations of MSTPE, indicating that IBR approach is a promising tool for assessing the toxicity effects of MSTPE in environmental freshwater.

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Funding

This study received financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2017PH060).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Analysis of Environmental Organic Pollution and Population Health, No. 44 Dongyi Road, Zibo, 255026, Shandong, China

    Tong Chang, Bin Wei, Qin Wang & Yi He

  2. School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 12 Zhangzhou Road, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China

    Chenjie Wang

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  1. Tong Chang
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  2. Bin Wei
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  3. Qin Wang
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  4. Yi He
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  5. Chenjie Wang
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Correspondence to Tong Chang or Chenjie Wang.

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Chang, T., Wei, B., Wang, Q. et al. Toxicity assessment of municipal sewage treatment plant effluent by an integrated biomarker response in the liver of crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 7280–7288 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07463-2

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