Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Seawater intrusion and submarine groundwater discharge along the Indian coast

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Intrusion of seawater into the coastal aquifers is a major concern as it affects the quality of groundwater. The objective of this study is to delineate the extent of seawater intrusion in the Indian coast based on previous studies and estimate the area as well as locations of seawater intrusion and submarine groundwater discharge based on the groundwater level of the years 2007 and 2017. Several researchers have reported seawater intrusion in the coastal regions of India by different methods of investigation. These studies indicate that the east coast of India is affected greater than the west coast by seawater intrusion. The maximum extent (about 14 km) of seawater intrusion in India is reported in regions north of Chennai. It is estimated that around 7% of the total coastal area is affected by seawater intrusion, where groundwater is below mean sea level. Around 57% of the coastal area of India has groundwater level in the range from 0 to 10 m msl. Future research needs to focus on the areas where seawater intrusion and submarine groundwater discharge were identified based on this study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdullah HM, Raveena MS, Aris ZA (2010) A numerical modelling of seawater intrusion into an oceanic island aquifer, Sipadan Island, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 39(4):525–532

    Google Scholar 

  • Acworth RI, Dasey GR (2003) Mapping of the hyporheic zone around a tidal creek using a combination of borehole logging, borehole electrical tomography and cross-creek electrical imaging, New South Wales, Australia. Hydrogeol J 11:368–377

    Google Scholar 

  • Anilkumar KS, Priju CP, Prasad NNB (2015) Study on saline water intrusion into the shallow coastal aquifers of Periyar river basin, Kerala using hydrochemical and electrical resistivity methods. Aquat Procedia 4:32–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Antony RA, Ramanujam N (2014) Detection of submarine groundwater discharge to coastal zone study using 2d electrical resistivity imaging study at Manapad, Tuticorin, India. Indian J Mar Sci 43(2):224–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Aris AZ, Abdullah MH, Ahmed A, Woong KK (2007) Controlling factors of groundwater hydrochemistry in a small island’s aquifer. IJEST 4:441–450

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balakrishna BSMS, Narshimulu G (2014) Groundwater potential in fractured aquifers of ophiolite formations, Port Blair, South Andaman Islands using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and vertical electrical sounding (VES). J Geol Soc India 83:393–402

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basack S, Bhattacharya AK, Maity P (2012) Hydrogeological investigation on saline water intrusion into a coastal aquifer of West Bengal, India. Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference, December 13–15, New Delhi

  • Bear J, Beljin MS, Ross RR (1992) Fundamentals of groundwater modelling. U.S. EPA

  • Binoykumar RB, Divya MP (2012) Spatial evaluation of groundwater quality in Kazhakuttam Block, Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala. J Geol Soc India 80:48–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobba AG (2002) Numerical modelling of salt-water intrusion due to human activities and sea-level change in the Godavari Delta, India. Hydrol Sci J 47(1):67–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouchaou L, Michelot JL, Vengosh A, Hsissou Y, Qurtobi M, Gaye CB, Bullen TD, Zuppi GM (2008) Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinisation, and residence time of water in the Souss-Massa aquifer, southwest Morocco. J Hydrol 352:267–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Carreira PM, Marques JM, Nunes D (2014) Source of groundwater salinity in coastline aquifers based on environmental isotopes (Portugal): natural vs. human interference. A review and reinterpretation. Appl Geochem 41:163–175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carretero S, Rapaglia J, Bokuniewicz H, Kruse E (2013) Impact of sea level rise on saltwater intrusion length into the coastal aquifer, Partido de La Costa, Argentina. Cont Shelf Res 61–62:62–70

    Google Scholar 

  • CGWB (2010) Approach paper on groundwater quality issues in islands (Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep). CGWB, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • CGWB (2012) Aquifer systems of India. Ministry of Water Resources. Govt. of India

  • CGWB (2014) Report on status of groundwater quality in coastal aquifers of India. Bhujal Bhawan. Faridabad, Haryana

  • CGWB (2015) Pilot project report on aquifer mapping in lower Vellar watershed, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. CGWB South Eastern Coastal Region, Chennai

  • Chachadi AG, Lobo-Ferreira JP (2001) Seawater intrusion vulnerability mapping of aquifers using GALDIT method. COASTIN: a coastal policy research newsletter, TERI, New Delhi. http://www.teriin.org/teri-wr/coastin/newslett/coastin4.pdf

  • Chidambaram S, Nepolian M, Ramanathan AL, Sarathidasan J, Thilagavathi R, Thivya C, Prasanna MV, Srinivasamoorthy K, Jacob N, Mohokar H (2017) An attempt to identify and estimate the subsurface groundwater discharge in the south east coast of India. Int J Sustain Built Environ 6(2):421–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Colombani N, Osti A, Volta G, Mastrocicco M (2016) Impact of climate change on salinization of coastal water resources. Water Resour Manag 30:2483–2496

    Google Scholar 

  • Custodio E (1987) Salt–fresh water interrelationships under natural conditions. In: Custodio E, Bruggeman GA (eds) Studies and reports in hydrology: groundwater problems in coastal areas. UNESCO, Paris, pp 14–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahlin T (2001) The development of DC resistivity imaging techniques. Comput Geosci 27:1019–1029

    Google Scholar 

  • Das PP, Sahoo HK, Mohapatra PP (2016a) An integrative geospatial and hydrogeochemical analysis for the assessment of groundwater quality in Mahakalapara Block, Odisha, India. Environ Earth Sci 75:158

    Google Scholar 

  • Das PP, Sahoo HK, Mohapatra PP (2016b) Hydrogeochemical evolution and potability evaluation of saline contaminated coastal aquifer system of Rajnagar, Odisha, India: a geospatial perspective. J Earth Syst Sci 125(6):1157–1174

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Datta B, Vennalakanti H, Dhar A (2009) Modeling and control of saltwater intrusion in a coastal aquifer of Andhra Pradesh, India. J Hydro Environ Res 3:148–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Debnath P, Mukherjee A (2016) Quantification of tidally-influenced seasonal groundwater discharge to the Bay of Bengal by seepage meter study. J Hydrol 537:106–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Devadas DJ, Rao NS, Rao BT, Rao KVS, Subrahmanyam (2007) Hydrogeochemistry of the Sarada river basin, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Geol 52:1331–1342

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dineshkumar M, Ghosh S, Patel A, Singh OP, Ravindranath R (2006) Rainwater harvesting in India: some critical issues for basin planning and research. Land Use and Water Resources Research 6:1–17

  • Drabbe J, Ghyben BW (1889) Nota in verband met de voorgenomen putboring nabij Amsterdam, Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs, 8–22

  • Ebrahimi M, Kazemi H, Ehtashemi M, Rockaway DT (2016) Assessment of groundwater quantity and quality and saltwater intrusion in the Damghan basin, Iran. Chem Erde 76:227–241

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Yaouti F, El Mandour A, Khattach D, Benavente J, Kaufmann O (2009) Salinization processes in the unconfined aquifer of Bou-Areg (NE Morocco): a geostatistical, geochemical, and tomographic study. Appl Geochem 24:16–31

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Kaliouby H, Abdalla O (2015) Application of time-domain electromagnetic method in mapping saltwater intrusion of a coastal alluvial aquifer, North Oman. J Appl Geophys 115:59–64

    Google Scholar 

  • FEFLOW 6.1 (2012) Finite element subsurface flow and transport simulation system. User manual

  • Fritz P, Hennings CS, Suzolo O, Salati E (1979) Isotope hydrology in northern Chile. Int J Isot Hydrol 2:525–544

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gassama N, Dia A, Violette S (2012) Origin of salinity in a multilayered aquifer with high salinization vulnerability. Hydrol Process 26:168–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • George ME, Babu DSS, Akhil T, Rafeeque MK (2018) Investigation on submarine groundwater discharge at Kozhikkode Coastal Aquifer, SW Western Ghats. J Geol Soc India 92(5):626–633

    Google Scholar 

  • Giménez FE, Morell EI (2008) Contributions of boron isotopes to understanding the hydrogeochemistry of the coastal detritic aquifer of Castellon Plain, Spain. Hydrogeol J 16:547–557

    Google Scholar 

  • Gingerich BS, Voss IC (2005) Three-dimensional variable-density flow simulation of a coastal aquifer in southern Oahu, Hawaii, USA. Hydrogeol J 13:436–450

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gnanachandraswamy G, Ramkumar T, Venkatramanan S, Chung SY, Vasudevan S (2016) Identification of saline water intrusion in part of Cauvery deltaic region, Tamil Nadu, Southern India: using GIS and VES methods. Mar Geophys Res 37:113–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopinath S, Srinivasamoorthy K, Saravanan K, Prakash R (2018) Discriminating groundwater salinization processes in coastal aquifers of southeastern India: geophysical, hydrogeochemical and numerical modeling approach. Environ Dev Sustain. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0143-x

    Google Scholar 

  • Harikrishna H, Naik DR, Rao TV, Jaisankar G, Rao VV (2012) A study on saltwater intrusion around Kolleru Lake, Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Eng Technol 4(3):133–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Harshendra K (1991) Studies on water quality and soil fertility in relation to crop yield in selected river basins of D.K. District of Karnataka state. Ph.D. thesis, Mangalore University, Karnataka, India

  • Herzberg A (1901) Die Wasserversorgung einger Nordsee bader. J Gasbeleuchtung Wasserversorgung 44(815–819):842–844

    Google Scholar 

  • India-WRIS WebGIS (2018) Water resources information of India. http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wris.html. Accessed 26 November 2018

  • Indu SN, Rajaveni SP, Schneider M, Elango L (2015) Geochemical and isotopic signatures for the identification of seawater intrusion in an alluvial aquifer. J Earth Syst Sci 124(6):1281–1291

    Google Scholar 

  • Indu SN, Brindha K, Elango L (2016) Identification of salinization by bromide and fluoride concentration in coastal aquifers near Chennai, southern India. Water Sci 30(1):41–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaliraj S, Chandrasekar N, Ramachandran KK, Selvakumar S (2019) Seawater intrusion vulnerability in the coastal aquifers of southern India—an appraisal of the GALDIT model, parameters’ sensitivity, and hydrochemical indicators. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:9755–9784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04401-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kallioras A, Pliakas FK, Schuth C, Rausch R (2013) Methods to countermeasure the intrusion of seawater into coastal aquifer systems. In: Sharma S, Sanghi R (eds) Wastewater reuse and management. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4942-9_17

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kanagaraj G, Elango L, Sridhar SGD, Gowrisankar G (2018) Hydrogeochemical processes and influence of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers south of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:8989–9011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0910-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karahanoglu N (1997) Assessment of sea-water intrusion in a coastal aquifer by using correlation, principal component, and factor analyses. Water Environ Res 69(3):331–341

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karahanoglu N, Doyuran V (2003) Finite element simulation of seawater intrusion into a quarry-site coastal aquifer, Kocaeli-Darıca, Turkey. Environ Geol 44:456–466

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keesari T, Kulkarni UP, Jaryal A, Mendhekar GN, Deshmukh KN, Hegde AG, Kamble SN (2014) Groundwater dynamics of a saline impacted coastal aquifer of western Maharashtra, India: insights from a radiotracer study. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 300:1–6

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ketabchi H, Mahmoodzadeh D, Ataie-Ashtiani B, Simmons CT (2016) Sea-level rise impacts on seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers: review and integration. J Hydrol 535:235–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim JH, Lee J, Cheong TJ, Kim RH, Koh DC, Ryu JS, Chang HW (2005) Use of time series analysis for the identification of tidal effect on groundwater in the coastal area of Kimje, Korea. J Hydrol 300:188–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Koh DC, Chae GT, Yoon YY, Kang BR, Koh GW, Park KH (2009) Baseline geochemical characteristics of groundwater in the mountainous area of Jeju Island, South Korea: implications for degree of mineralization and nitrate contamination. J Hydrol 376:81–93

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korfali FI, Jurdi M (2010) Deterioration of coastal water aquifers: causes and impacts. Eur Water 29:3–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni KM, Navada SV, Nair AR, Rao SM, Shivanna K, Sinha UK, Sharma S (1997) Drinking water salinity problem in coastal Orissa, India. Identification of past transgressions of sea water by isotope investigation. IAEA-SM-349(18):293–306

  • Laluraj CM, Gopinath G, Dineshkumar PK (2005) Groundwater chemistry of shallow aquifers in the coastal zones of Cochin, India. Appl Ecol Environ Res 3(1):133–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Langevin CD, Guo W (1999) Improvements to SEAWAT, a variable density modeling code (Abs). Eos Trans 80(46):F-373

    Google Scholar 

  • Latha PS, Rao KN (2010) Assessment and spatial distribution of quality of groundwater in Zone II and III, Greater Visakhapatnam, India using Water Quality Index (WQI) and GIS. Int J Environ Sci 1(2):198–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Latha PS, Rao KN (2012) An integrated approach to assess the quality of groundwater in a coastal aquifer of Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Earth Sci 66:2143–2169

    Google Scholar 

  • Lathashri UA, Mahesha A (2015) Simulation of saltwater intrusion in a coastal aquifer in Karnataka, India. Aquat Procedia 4:700–705

    Google Scholar 

  • Lathashri UA, Mahesha A (2016) Predictive simulation of seawater intrusion in a tropical coastal aquifer. J Environ Eng 142(12):D4015001

    Google Scholar 

  • Ledoux E (1986) Modèles mathématiques en hydrogéologie [Mathematical models in hydrogeology]. LHM/RD – 86/12, Centre d’Informatique Géologique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris

  • Li L, Barry DA, Stagnitti F, Parlange JY (1999) Submarine groundwater discharge and associated chemical input to a coastal sea. Water Resour Res 35:3253–3259

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin HJ, Rechards DR, Talbot CA, Yeh GT, Cheng JR, Cheng HP, Jones NL (1997) A three dimensional finite element computer model for simulating density-dependent flow and transport in variable saturated media. Version 3.1. U.S Army Eng. Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, M.S

  • Mahesha A, Vyshali, Lathashri UA, Ramesh H (2012) Parameter estimation and vulnerability assessment of coastal unconfined aquifer to saltwater intrusion. J Hydrol Eng 17(8):933–943

    Google Scholar 

  • Maity KP, Das S, Das R (2017) Methodology for groundwater extraction in the coastal aquifers of Purba Midnapur District of West Bengal in India under the constraint of saline water intrusion. Asian J Water Environ Pollut 14(2):1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Manivannan V, Elango L (2019) Management of coastal groundwater resources. In: Krishnamurthy RR, Jonathan MP, Srinivasalu S, Glaseser B (eds) Coastal Management: global challenges and innovations. Academic Press, Elseveir, pp 383–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2015-0-04674-3

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Manjusree TM, Joseph S, Thomas J (2009) Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality in the coastal sandy clay aquifers of Alappuzha District, Kerala. J Geol Soc India 74:459–468

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maury S, Balaji S (2015) Application of resistivity and GPR techniques for the characterization of the coastal litho-stratigraphy and aquifer vulnerability due to seawater intrusion. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 165:104–116

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald MG, Harbaugh AW (1998) User’s documentation for MODFLOW-98, an update to the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference groundwater flow model. US Geol Surv Open-File Rep 96–485: 56

  • Mirzaei R, Sakizadeh M (2016) Comparison of interpolation methods for the estimation of groundwater contamination in Andimeshk-Shush Plain, Southwest of Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(2):2758–2769

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishra AK, Mohanty BK, Om Prakash (2003) Quaternary sedimentation, stratigraphy and neo-tectonics along the coastal tract and river valleys of Odisha. In: Proceedings of GEOSAS - IV:128–133

  • Mondal CN, Singh PV, Singh S, Singh SV (2011) Hydrochemical characteristic of coastal aquifer from Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Monit Assess 175:531–550

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mondal CN, Sarwade DV, Singh VS (2012) Development prospects of groundwater resources in an elliptical shape island, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. Environ Earth Sci 66:17–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris AW, Riley JP (1966) The bromide/chlorinity and sulphate/chlorinity ratios in seawater. Deep-Sea Res Oceanogr Abstr 13(4):699–705

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naik KP, Dehury NB, Tiwari NA (2007) Groundwater pollution around an industrial area in the coastal stretch of Maharashtra State, India. Environ Monit Assess 132:207–233

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Najib S, Fadili A, Mehdi K, Riss J, Makan A (2017) Contribution of hydrochemical and geoelectrical approaches to investigate salinization process and seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers of Chaouia, Morocco. J Contam Hydrol 198:24–36

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak AK, Chinchmalatpure RA, Rao GG, Jha SK, Khandelwal MK (2009) An assessment of fluoride in the coastal aquifer of the Bara tract in Bharuch district, Gujarat (India). Environ Monit Assess 158:315–317

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • OudeEssink GH, Boekelman RH (1996) Problems with large-scale modelling of salt water intrusion in 3D. InProc. 14th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, 17 June 1996, 16–31

  • Paine JG (2003) Determining salinization extent, identifying salinity sources, and estimating chloride mass using surface, borehole, and airborne electromagnetic induction methods. Water Resour Res 39:1059

    Google Scholar 

  • Panda DK, Wahr J (2016) Spatiotemporal evolution of water storage changes in India from the updated GRACE-derived gravity records. Water Resour Res 52:135–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Paniconi C, Khlaifi I, Lecca G, Giacomelli A, Tarhouni J (2001) Modeling and analysis of seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer of eastern Cap-Bon, Tunisia. Transp Porous Media 43:3–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parizi E, Hosseini SM, Ataie-Ashtiani B, Simmons CT (2019) Vulnerability mapping of coastal aquifers to seawater intrusion: review, development and application. J Hydrol 570:555–573

    Google Scholar 

  • Park SC, Yun ST, Chae GT, Yoo IS, Shin KS, Heo CH, Lee SK (2005) Regional hydrochemical study on salinization of coastal aquifers, western coastal area of South Korea. J Hydrol 313(3–4):182–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.03.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash R, Srinivasamoorthy K, Gopinath S, Saravanan K, Vinnarasi F, Ponnumani G, Chidambaram S, Anandhan P (2018) Radon isotope assessment of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in Coleroon River Estuary, Tamil Nadu, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 317(1):25–36

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pramada SK, Mohan S (2015) Stochastic simulation of seawater intrusion into freshwater aquifers. Aquat Procedia 4:87–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Pujari RP, Soni KA (2009) Sea water intrusion studies near Kovaya limestone mine, Saurashtra coast, India. Environ Monit Assess 154:93–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radhakrishna I (2001) Saline fresh water interface structure in Mahanadi delta region, Orissa, India. Environ Geol 40(3):369–380

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahaman W, Singh SK (2012) Sr and 87Sr/ 86Sr in estuaries of western India: impact of submarine groundwater discharge. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 85:275–288

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raicy MC, Elango L (2017) Percolation pond as a method of managed aquifer recharge in a coastal saline aquifer: a case study on the criteria for site selection and its impacts. J Earth Syst Sci 126:6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-017-0845-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajaveni SP, Indu SN, Elango L (2016) Finite element modelling of a heavily exploited coastal aquifer for assessing the response of groundwater level to the changes in pumping and rainfall variation due to climate change. Hydrol Res 47(1):42–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajesh R, Murthy TRS (2004) Groundwater quality and its change over a decade: an analysis of a coastal urban environment from west coast of India. Environ Geol 45:978–981

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raju NJ, Reddy TVK, Muniratnam P, Gossel W, Wycisk P (2013) Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) by the construction of subsurface dams in the semi-arid regions: a case study of the Kalangi river basin, Andhra Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 82:657–665

    Google Scholar 

  • Raju NJ, Patel P, Reddy BCSR, Suresh U, Reddy TVK (2016) Identifying source and evaluation of hydrogeochemical processes in the hard rock aquifer system: geostatistical analysis and geochemical modeling techniques. Environ Earth Sci 75:1157

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao NS, Nirmala IS, Suryanarayana K (2005) Groundwater quality in a coastal area: a case study from Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Geol 48:543–550

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao VVSG, Rao GT, Surinaidu L, Rajesh R, Mahesh J (2011) Geophysical and geochemical approach for seawater intrusion assessment in the Godavari delta basin, A.P., India. Water Air Soil Pollut 217:503–514

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao VVSG, Rao GT, Surinaidu L, Mahesh J, Rao STM, Rao BM (2013) Assessment of geochemical processes occurring in groundwaters in the coastal alluvial aquifer. Environ Monit Assess 185:8259–8272

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao NPV, Rao AS, Rao SN (2015) Suitability of groundwater quality for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes in the western delta region of the river Godavari, Andhra Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 86:181–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy AGS (2013) Evaluation of hydrogeochemical characteristics of phreatic alluvial aquifers in southeastern coastal belt of Prakasam district, South India. Environ Earth Sci 68:471–485

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy DV, Nagabhushanam P, Madhav T, Anita M, Kumar MS (2014) Hydrogeologically controlled freshwater dynamics in the coastal sand dune aquifer of Ongole coast (AP), India. Hydrol Sci J 59(12):2186–2202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rejani R, Jha KM, Panda SN, Mull R (2008) Simulation modeling for efficient groundwater management in Balasore coastal basin, India. Water Resour Manag 22:23–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Rengarajan R, Sarma VVSS (2015) Submarine groundwater discharge and nutrient addition to the coastal zone of the Godavari estuary. Mar Chem 172:57–69

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rina K, Datta PS, Singh KC, Mukherjee S (2013) Isotopes and ion chemistry to identify salinization of coastal aquifers of Sabarmati River Basin. Curr Sci 104(3):335–344

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodell M, Velicogna I, Famiglietti JS (2009) Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India. Nature 460:999–1002

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodell M, Famiglietti JS, Wiese DN, Reager JT, Beaudoing HK, Landerer FW, Lo MH (2018) Emerging trends in global freshwater availability. Nature 557:651–659

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saha D, Agarwal AK (2005) Determination of specific yield using a water balance approach case study of Torla Odha watershed in the Deccan Trap province, Maharashtra State, India. Hydrogeol J 14(4):625–635

    Google Scholar 

  • Sajilkumar PJ, Jose A, James EJ (2013) Spatial and seasonal variation in groundwater quality in parts of Cuddalore District, South India. Natl Acad Sci Lett 36(2):167–179

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sajilkumar PJ, Elango L, James EJ (2014) Assessment of hydrochemistry and groundwater quality in the coastal area of South Chennai, India. Arab J Geosci 7:2641–2653

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakthykumari I, Vijayan A, Bhagan VU, Anbu M (2004) Groundwater quality of coastal Kanyakumari district. Asian J Chem 16(3–4):1562–1572

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sathish S, Elango L (2015) Numerical simulation and prediction of groundwater flow in a coastal aquifer of southern India. J Water Resour Prot 7:1483–1494

    Google Scholar 

  • Sathish S, Elango L (2016) An integrated study on the characterization of freshwater lens in a coastal aquifer of Southern India. Arab J Geosci 9:643

    Google Scholar 

  • Sathish S, Elango L, Rajesh R, Sarma VS (2011a) Application of three dimensional electrical resistivity tomography to identify seawater intrusion. Earth Sci India 4(1):21–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Sathish S, Elango L, Rajesh R, Sarma VS (2011b) Assessment of seawater mixing in a coastal aquifer by high resolution electrical resistivity tomography. Int J Environ Sci Technol 8(3):483–492

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selvam S (2016) 1D Geoelectrical resistivity survey for groundwater studies in coastal area: a case study from Pearl City, Tamil Nadu. J Geol Soc India 87:169–178

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Senthilkumar M, Elango L (2004) Three-dimensional mathematical model to simulate groundwater flow in the lower Palar River basin, southern India. Hydrogeol J 12:197–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Senthilkumar M, Elango L (2013) Geochemical processes controlling the groundwater quality in lower Palar river basin, southern India. J Earth Syst Sci 122:419–432

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah T, Molden D, Sakthivadivel R, Seckler D (2001) Global groundwater situation opportunities and challenges. Econ Polit Wkly 36(43):4142–4150

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaji E, Vinayachandran N, Thambi DS (2009) Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in coastal phreatic aquifers of Alleppey District, Kerala. J Geol Soc India 74:585–590

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shalev E, Wollman S, Kington S, Yechieli, Gvirtzman H (2009) Biased monitoring of fresh water-salt water mixing zone in coastal aquifers. Groundwater 47(1):49–56

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma ND, Patel JN (2010) Evaluation of groundwater quality index of the urban segments of Surat City, India. Int J Geol 4(1):1–4

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherif MM, Hamza IK (2001) Mitigation of seawater intrusion by pumping brackish water. Transp Porous Media 43:29–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherif M, Kacimov A, Javadi A, Ebraheem AA (2012) Modeling groundwater flow and seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer of Wadi Ham, UAE. Water Resour Manag 26:751–774

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi L, Jiao JJ (2014) Seawater intrusion and coastal aquifer management in China: a review. Environ Earth Sci 72:2811–2819

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shibuo Y, Jarsjo J, Destouni G (2006) Bathymetry-topography effects on saltwater-fresh groundwater interactions around the shrinking Aral Sea. Water Resour Res 42:W11410

    Google Scholar 

  • Singaraja C, Chidambaram S, Anandhan P, Prasanna MV, Thivya C, Thilagavathi R, Sarathidasan J (2014) Hydrochemistry of groundwater in a coastal region and its repercussion on quality, a case study - Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India. Arab J Geosci 7:939–950

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singaraja C, Chidambaram S, Anandhan P, Prasanna MV, Thivya C, Thilagavathi R (2015) A study on the status of saltwater intrusion in the coastal hard rock aquifer of South India. Environ Dev Sustain 17:443–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Singaraja C, Chidambaram S, Jacob N, Ezhilarasan E, Velmurugan C, Manikandan M, Rajamani S (2016) Taxonomy of groundwater quality using multivariate and spatial analyses in the Tuticorin District, Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Dev Sustain 18:393–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2014) Optimization modelling for seawater intrusion management. J Hydrol 508:43–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh VS, Sarwade DV, Mondal NC, Nandakumar MV, Singh B (2009) Evaluation of groundwater resources in a tiny Andrott Island, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. Environ Monit Assess 158:145–154

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sophiya MS, Syed HT (2013) Assessment of vulnerability to seawater intrusion and potential remediation measures for coastal aquifers: a case study from eastern India. Environ Earth Sci 70:1197–1209

    Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasamoorthy K, Ponnumani G, Prakash R, Gopinath S, Saravanan K, Vinnarasi F (2018) Tracing groundwater inputs to Bay of Bengal from Sankarabarani River Basin, Pondicherry, India, using continuous radon monitoring. Int J Environ Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1938-x

    Google Scholar 

  • Steyl G, Dennis I (2010) Review of coastal-area aquifers in Africa. Hydrogeol J 18(1):217–225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuyfzand PJ (1986) A new hydrochemical classification of water types: principles and application to the coastal dunes aquifer system of the Netherlands. Proc 9th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Delft, The Netherlands, 12–16 May

  • SureshBabu DS, Anish M, Vivekanandan KL, Ramanujam N, Nathakiri MK, Antony RA (2009) An account of submarine groundwater discharge from the SW Indian coastal zone. J Coast Res 25(1):91–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Surinaidu L, Rao VSGV, Mahesh J, Prasad RP, Rao TG, Sarma SV (2014) Assessment of possibility of saltwater intrusion in the central Godavari delta region, Southern India. Reg Environ Chang. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0678-9

    Google Scholar 

  • Taniguchi M, Burnett WC, Cable JE, Turner JV (2002) Investigation of submarine groundwater discharge. Hydrol Process 16:2115–2129

    Google Scholar 

  • Thilagavathi R, Chidambaram S, Prasanna MV, Thivya C, Singaraja C (2012) A study on groundwater geochemistry and water quality in layered aquifers system of Pondicherry region, southeast India. Appl Water Sci 2:253–269

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Todd DK (1959) Groundwater hydrology. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Vengosh A, Rosenthal A (1994) Saline groundwater in Israel: its bearing on the water crisis in the country. J Hydrol 156:389–430

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vengosh A, Spivack AJ, Artzi Y, Ayalon A (1999) Geochemical and boron, strontium, and oxygen isotopic constraints on the origin of the salinity in groundwater from the Mediterranean Coast of Israel. Water Resour Res 35:1877–1894

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vetrimurugan E, Elango L (2015) Groundwater chemistry and quality in an intensively cultivated river delta. Water Qual Expo Health 7:125–141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vincent A, Violette S (2017) Why seawater intrusion has not yet occurred in the Kaluvelli-Pondicherry basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Hydrogeol J 25:1893–1907

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voss CI (1984) SUTRA - a finite element simulation model for saturated-unsaturated fluid density dependent groundwater flow with energy transport or chemically reactive single species solute transport. Water Resources Investigation Report no. 84–4269, US Geol Survey

  • Werner DA (2010) A review of seawater intrusion and its management in Australia. Hydrogeol J 18:281–285

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werner DA, Bakker M, Post EAV, Vandenbohede A, Lu C, Ataie-Ashtiani B, Simmons TC, Barry DA (2013) Seawater intrusion processes, investigation and management: recent advances and future challenges. Adv Water Resour 51:3–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Yadav VB, Jha SK, Pulhani V, Tripathi RM (2019) Estimation of submarine groundwater discharge using radium mass-balance in Mumbai Harbour Bay, Mumbai, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 319(3):945–952

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Graf T, Ptak T (2015) Impact of climate change on freshwater resources in a heterogeneous coastal aquifer of Bremerhaven, Germany: a three-dimensional modeling study. J Contam Hydrol 177–178:107–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaveri UP, Patel NJ (2016) Analysis of groundwater quality with respect to seawater intrusion in Surat. J Am Water Works Assoc 108:9

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao J, Lin J, Wu J, Yang Y, Wu J (2016) Numerical modeling of seawater intrusion in Zhoushuizi district of Dalian City in northern China. Environ Earth Sci 75:805

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was funded by National Centre for Earth Sciences Studies, Earth System Science Organisation, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India (Grant No. NCESS/MOES/402/GIA/2019). The authors would also like to thank the Department of Science and Technology for providing the Funds for Improvement of Science and Technology infrastructure (Grant No. SR/FDT/ESI-154/2016(C))

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai, India

    Vengadesan Manivannan & Lakshmanan Elango

Authors
  1. Vengadesan Manivannan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lakshmanan Elango
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lakshmanan Elango.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Manivannan, V., Elango, L. Seawater intrusion and submarine groundwater discharge along the Indian coast. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 31592–31608 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06103-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06103-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation