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Growth, accumulation, and antioxidative responses of two Salix genotypes exposed to cadmium and lead in hydroponic culture

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Abstract

Cd and Pb are a toxic environmental pollutant, and their elevated concentrations in the waters and soils could exert detriment effects on human health by food chain. In order to evaluate the capacity to heavy metal accumulation and the physiochemical responses of two Salix genotypes, a 35-day hydroponic seedling experiment was implemented with Salix matsudana Koidz. ‘Shidi1’ (A42) and Salix psammophila C. ‘Huangpi1’ (A94) under different concentrations of Cd (15 and 30 μM) or Pb (250 and 300 μM). The results showed that the biomass of A94 severely reduced more than that of A42. The accumulation ability of Cd in different plant organs followed the sequence of leaves > roots > stems. Pb primarily accumulated in the roots for both Salix genotypes (54.27 mg g−1 for A42 and 54.52 mg g−1 for A94). Translocation factors based on accumulation (TF′) for Cd were more than 8.0, while TF′s for Pb were less than 1.0 in both A42 and A94, implying they could be applied in the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated sites due to their stronger ability to Cd phytoextraction. The stress of Cd or Pb significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and increased photosynthetic rates in leaves of two Salix genotypes. Transpiration rates of willow were positively correlated with its Cd translocation. Both catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities were suppressed, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) was boosted with increasing Cd and Pb levels in the leaves and roots of the two willow genotypes, suggesting SOD plays an important role in the removal of ROS. The inconsistency of the changes in enzyme activity suggests that the integrated antioxidative mechanisms regulate the tolerance to Cd and Pb stress.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Dr. Edward C. Mignot, whose mother language is English, served in Shandong University, for linguistic advice.

Funding

The study was supported by projects from National Natural Science Foundation of China (31870606 and 41877424), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Provincial, China (ZR2017MD022 and ZR2018MD002), and Special Funds for Forest Science Research in the Public Welfare (201404107).

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  1. School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, Shandong Province, China

    Xiaohan Xu, Baoshan Yang, Hui Wang, Yidan Zhu & Kaizhen Zhang

  2. Shandong Academy of Forestry, No. 42, East Road of Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China

    Guanghua Qin

  3. The Xiuwen International Academy at Jinan, Jinan, 250100, China

    Hanqi Yang

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  1. Xiaohan Xu
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Xu, X., Yang, B., Qin, G. et al. Growth, accumulation, and antioxidative responses of two Salix genotypes exposed to cadmium and lead in hydroponic culture. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 19770–19784 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05331-7

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